Table 1 Randomized studies comparing the efficacy of thromboprophylaxis using LMWH, UFH or fondaparinux with placebo or no thromboprophylaxis in medical patients.
From: An update on prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized acutely ill medical patients
Study | Patients | Detection of VTE | Dose regimen | Efficacy (thromboprophylaxis vs placebo or no thromboprophylaxis) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gallus et al.1973 [17] | Suspected AMI (n = 78) | 125I-fibrinogen scanning | UFH, 5000 IU s.c. t.i.d. | VTE: 2.6% vs 22.5% (p = 0.05) |
Belch et al. 1981 [18] | HF and/or chest infection (n = 100) | 125I-fibrinogen scanning | UFH, 5000 IU s.c. t.i.d. | VTE: 4% vs 26% (p < 0.01) |
Halkin et al. 1982 [19] | General medical (n = 1358) | Mortality study | UFH, 5000 IU s.c. b.i.d. | Mortality: 7.8% vs 10.9% (p < 0.05) |
Cade, 1982 [20] | 1) Medical (n = 131) 2) Critically ill (n = 119) | 125I-fibrinogen scanning | UFH, 5000 IU s.c. b.i.d. | 1) VTE: 2% vs 10% (p = NS) 2) VTE: 13% vs 29% (p < 0.05) |
Ibarra-Perez et al. 1988 [21] | Pulmonary disease, >40 years (n = 85) | 125I-fibrinogen scanning, plus contrast venography | UFH, 5000 IU s.c. b.i.d. | VTE: 2.6% vs 26.1% (p < 0.0022) |
Gårdlund, 1996 [22] | Infectious disease (n = 19,751) | Autopsy-verified pulmonary embolism | UFH, 5000 IU s.c. b.i.d. | Mortality: 5.3% vs 5.6% (p = NS) |
International Stroke Trial, 1997 [23] | Suspected acute ischaemic stroke (n = 19,435) | Mortality study | UFH, 5000 or 12,500 IU s.c. b.i.d. | 14-day mortality: 9% vs 9.3% (p = NS) 6-month mortality: 22.5% vs 21.5% (p = NS) |
Dahan et al. 1986 [24] | Medical, >65 years (n = 270) | 125I-fibrinogen scanning | Enoxaparin 60 mg s.c. o.d. | VTE: 3% vs 9% (p = 0.03) |
Bergmann and Caulin, 1996 [25] | Medical (n = 2472) | Mortality study; autopsy-confirmed pulmonary embolism | Nadroparin 7500 antiXa IU s.c. o.d. | Mortality: 10.1% vs 10.3% (p = NS) |
Samama et al. 1999 [3] | Acutely ill medical (n = 1102) | Bilateral venography or duplex ultrasonography | Enoxaparin 1) 20 mg s.c. o.d. 2) 40 mg s.c. o.d. | 1) VTE: 15.0% vs 14.9% (p = NS) 2) VTE: 5.5% vs 14.9% (p < 0.001) |
Fraisse et al. 2000 [26] | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 223) | Bilateral venography | Nadroparin 3800 or 5700 IU antiXa s.c. o.d.1 | VTE: 15.5% vs 28.2% (p = 0.045) |
Leizorovicz et al. 2004 [4] | Acutely ill medical (n = 3706) | Compression ultrasonography | Dalteparin 5000 IU s.c. o.d. | VTE: 2.8% vs 5.0% (p = 0.0015) |
Cohen et al. 2006 [5] | Acutely ill elderly medical (n = 849) | Bilateral venography | Fondaparinux, 2.5 mg s.c. o.d. | VTE: 5.6% vs 10.5% (p = 0.029) |