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Table 5 Studies that measure activated protein C-related coagulation and fibrinolysis markers

From: Activated protein C plays no major roles in the inhibition of coagulation or increased fibrinolysis in acute coagulopathy of trauma-shock: a systematic review

Reference (year)

Design

Patients (n)

Inclusion criteria

Injury Severity Score (ISS)

Sampling time (n)

Trauma-induced coagulopathy

Median (25–75% quartile)

[8] (2007)

Prospective cohort (s)

208

Full trauma team activation

17(9–26)

Arrival in the trauma room (1)

Acute traumatic coagulopathy

[9] (2007)

Prospective cohort (s)

39

Traumatic brain injury

24(14–30)

Arrival in the trauma room (1)

Coagulopathy

[10] (2008)

Prospective cohort (s)

208

Major trauma

17(9–26)

Immediately on admission to ED (1)

Acute coagulopathy of trauma

[43] (2009)

Prospective (s)

42

Initial blood sample collected within 1 h

ACT

Non-ACT, not shown

Within 1 h of hospital presentation (1)

Acute coagulopathy of trauma

[44] (2010)

Prospective (s)

58

Not shown

With coagulopathy

Without coagulopathy, not shown

Within 1 h of arrival at hospital

Coagulopathy

[45] (2011)

Prospective cohort (s)

334

Severe polytrauma

ISS > 15

ISS 15–20, 30–50, > 50

Immediately after ED admission (1)

Trauma-induced coagulopathy

[46] (2013)

Prospective cohort (s)

303

Trauma team activation

Fibrinolytic activity by PAP and ML

Normal 6(1–10)

Moderate 17(9–28)

Severe 25(17–38)

Within 20 min of arrival in the ED (1)

None

[47] (2014)

Prospective cohort (s)

163

Highest-level trauma team activation

Fibrinolytic activity by PAP

Normal 9(2–16)

Moderate 21(13–25)

Severe 28(17–35)

On admission and prior to administration blood product (1)

None

[48] (2016)

Prospective cohort (s)

72

Highest-level trauma team activation

Hyperfibrinolytic by rapid TEG

33(22–41)

The earliest possible time point after injury (1)

Trauma-induced coagulopathy