Fig. 3From: Protease-activated receptors (PARs): mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic modulators in PAR-driven inflammatory diseasesNon-mammalian exogenous proteases induce PAR-driven pathological effects. Various proteases are secreted from bacteria, amoebae, insects, plants, fungi, and snakes, and can cleave PARs and modulate signal transduction, leading to inflammation, thrombosis, or painBack to article page