“DIC” without hepatic coagulopathy | “DIC” with hepatic coagulopathy | EA-VMTD/DIT without hepatic coagulopathy | True DIC | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Associated disease | Sepsis Other critical illnesses | Sepsis Other critical illnesses FHF | Sepsis Other critical illnesses | APL |
Mechanism | ||||
Complement activation | + | + | + | No evidence |
Endotheliopathy | + | + | + | No evidence |
Inflammatory path | Activated | Activated | Activated | No evidence |
Activated hemostatic path | ULVWF | ULVWF | ULVWF | Aberrant TF path |
Thrombogenesis | Via micothrombogenesis | Via micothrombogenesis | Via micothrombogenesis | Via fibrinogenesis |
Liver involvement | None | FHF | None | Unlikely to occur |
Pathology | ||||
Coagulation disorder | VMTD | VMTD with FHF | VMTD | Hemorrhagic disorder |
Character of blood clots | Microthrombi | Microthrombi | Microthrmbi | Fibrin clots |
Nature of blood clot | Platelet + ULVWF | Platelet +ULVWF | Platelet +ULVWF | Fibrin meshes |
Hematology | ||||
Platelet | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased due to APL |
MAHA | + | + | + | – |
FVIII | Normal/increased | Markedly increased | Normal/increased | Markedly decreased |
PT/aPTT | Normal | Prolonged | Normal | Prolonged |
Fibrinogen | Normal | Decreased | Normal | Decreased |
Clinical Phenotype | MODS | MODS | MODS | Hemorrhagic syndrome |
TTP-like syndrome | TTP-like syndrome | TTP-like syndrome | ||
Chronic “DIC” | Acute “DIC” | EA-VMTD/DIT | ||
FHF | ||||
Correct diagnosis | EA-VMTD/DIT | EA-VMTD/DIT with hepatic coagulopathy | EA-VMTD/DIT | True DIC |
Disease designation | EA-VMTD | EA-VMTD with hepatic coagulopathy | EA-VMTD | Consumption coagulopathy |