Table 1 Characteristics of the clinical studies
From: Incidence of thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author | Study design | Country | Patient population | VTE Events/Total patients (%) | Age, mean (SD)a | Male sex,% a | Anticoagulant prophylaxis | Indication for CTPA | CUS screening |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beun [14] | Retrospective cohort | Netherlands | ICU | 23/75 (30.7) | VTE: 60.5 (min-max, 53–68) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Cui [15] | Retrospective cohort | China | ICU | 20/81 (24.7) | VTE: 68.4 (9.1) Non-VTE: 57.1 (14.3) | 46 | No | CT, assumed in all patients | Yes |
Desborough [24] | Retrospective Cohort | UK | ICU | 11/79 (13.9) | VTE: 54 (45–63) No VTE: 59 (52–67) | 73 | Yes | Clinical suspicion | No |
Fraissé [21] | Retrospective cohort | France | ICU | 31/92 (33.7) | 61 (55–70)b | 79 | Yes | Clinical suspicion | No |
Helms [2] | Prospective cohort | France | ICU | 28/150 (18.7) | 63 (53–71) b | 81.3 | 70% PD, 30% TD | Clinical suspicion or rapid D-dimer elevation | NR |
Hippensteel [26] | Retrospective cohort | USA | ICU | 24/107 (22.4) | VTE: 55 (13) No VTE: 57 (17) | VTE: 14 No VTE: 39 | NR | Clinical suspicion | No |
Retrospective cohort | Netherlands | ICU | 68/184 (37) | 64 (12) | 76 | Yes, adjust per BW 9% TD | Clinical suspicion | No | |
Llitjos [8] | Retrospective cohort | France | ICU | 20/26 (76.9) | 68 (51.5–74.5) b | 77 | 31% PD, 69% TD | Clinical suspicion | Yes, 1st CDU on day 1–3 and 2nd CDU on day 7 |
Longchamp [19] | Prospective cohort | Switzerland | ICU | 8/25 (32) | 68 (11) | 64 | Yes | Clinical suspicion | Yes, D5-D10 |
Nahum [23] | Prospective cohort | France | ICU | 27/34 (65) | 62.2 (8.6) | 78 | Yes | NR | Yes |
Poissy [3] | Retrospective cohort | France | ICU | 27/107 (25.2) | PE: 57 (29–80) b | PE: 59.1 | 91% PD, 9% TD | Clinical suspicion | Partially performed |
Soumagne [22] | Prospective cohort | France and Belgium | ICU | 79/375 (21) | 63.5 (10.1) | 77 | NR | NR | NR |
Spiezia [20] | Prospective cohort | Italy | ICU | 5/30 (16.7) | VTE: 67 (8)d | 90d | Yes | NR | NR |
Zerwes [25] | Prospective cohort | Germany | ICU | 4/40 (10) | 63.4 (18.1) | 67.5 | Yes | NR | Yes |
Thomas [18] | Retrospective cohort | UK | ICU | 6/63 (9.5) | 59 (13) | 69 | Yes, adjust per BW | Clinical suspicion | NR |
Tavazzi [17] | Retrospective cohort | Italy | ICU | 10/54 (18.5) | VTE: 68 (7) | VTE: 83 | Yes, adjust per BW | NR | No |
Demelo-Rodríguez [27] | Prospective cohort | Spain | Non-ICU | 23/198 (11.6) CUS done in 156 | DVT: 66.7 (15.2) No DVT: 68.4 (14.4) | DVT: 60.9 No DVT: 66.2 | Yes, 98% | NR | Yes, d-dimer > 1000 & hospitalization > 48 h |
Dubois-Silva [29] | Retrospective cohort | Spain | Non-ICU | 8/171 (4.9) | PE: 67 (58–74)b | 62.5 | Yes | Clinical suspicion | Yes |
Mazzaccaro [31] | Retrospective cohort | Italy | Non-ICU | 21/32 (65.6) | 68.6 (12) | 71.9 | Yes | All patients | Yes |
Mestre-Gómez [30] | Retrospective cohort | Spain | Non-ICU | 31/452 (6.9) | PE: 65 (56–73)b | 72 | Yes, partial | Clinical suspicion | No |
Zhang [28] | Retrospective cohort | China | Non-ICU | 67/159 (42.1) CUS done in143 | DVT: 67 (12) No DVT: 59 (16) | 51.7 DVT: 54.5 No DVT: 49.4 | Yes, 37% | Clinical suspicion | Yes |
Criel [34] | Prospective cohort | Belgium | Inpatients | Total: 82 ICU: 4/30 (13.3), Ward: 2/52 (3.8) | ICU: 64.5 (11.8) Non-ICU: 63.6 (14.4) | ICU: 67 Non-ICU: 54 | Yes, adjust per BW | Not done | Yes |
Koleilat [35] | Retrospective case-control | USA | Inpatients | 93/3403 (2.7) CUS done in 846 | DVT:59 (49–64) No DVT 64 (53–73) | DVT: 61.1 No DVT:61 52.1 | Yes, partial | NR | No |
Logigiani [33] | Retrospective cohort | Italy | Inpatients | Total: 388 ICU: 8/61 (13.1) Ward: 12/327 (3.7) | ICU: 61 (55–69)b Ward: 68 (55–77) | 68.0 ICU: 80.3 Ward: 65.7 | ICU: 100%, Ward: 75% 41% PD, 21% ID, 23% TD | Clinical suspicion or rapid increase in d-dimer | No |
Middeldorp [9] | Retrospective cohort | Netherlands | Inpatients | Total:198 ICU: 39/75 (52) Ward: 4/123 (3.3) | ICU: 62 (10) Ward: 60 (16) | 66 ICU: 77 Ward: 59 | Yes, adjust per BW 84% PD 9.6% TD | Clinical suspicion Sudden worsening hypoxemia | Yes, partial 28% of all |
Maoe [4] | Retrospective cohort | China | Inpatients | Total: 214 Severe: 88 Non-severe: 126 | Severe: 58.2 (15.0) Non severe: 48.9 (14.7) | 40.7 Severe: 50 Non severe: 34.1 | NR | NR | NR |
Wangc [32] | Retrospective cohort | China | Inpatients | Total: 88 Critical+severe: 20/63 (31.7) Common: 0/25 | Critical: 66.5 (61–71)b Severe: 61.0 (53–66) Common: 56 (42.5–66.5) | 55.7 Critical: 70 Severe: 42.4 Common: 56 | Yes, according to Padua risk score | Clinical suspicion | Yes, increased d-dimer |
Xuc [10] | Retrospective cohort | China | Inpatients | Total: 138 Critical+severe: 3/15 (20) Non-critical: 1/123 (0.8) | Critical: 60.07 (14.3) Non-critical: 50.5 (16) | 58.7 Critical: 80 Non-critical: 56 | Yes Critical 100% Non-critical 21.5% | In those performed CUS | Yes, all critically ill, high risk of VTE, high level d-dimer |