Table 1 Selected characteristics of the study participants

747: 1263

259: 818

465: 407

< 0.001

48.0 (41.0–56.0)

48.5 (41.5–57.5)

48.0 (42.1–55.4)

0.20

87.0 (78.0–97.0)

85.0 (76.0–95.0)

89.0 (79.0–99.0)

< 0.0001

130 (116–147)

127 (114–144)

133 (120–150)

< 0.0001

52.7

 4.3

3.5

< 0.0001

4.14

38.3

69.6

42.7

57.4

26.9

7.33 (5.79–8.67)

7.70 (6.00–8.80)

6.80 (5.50–8.40)

< 0.0001

22.9 (19.3–28.6)

25.1 (20.8–31.0)

20.9 (18.4–24.9)

< 0.001

77.5 (70.2–87.7)

81.0 (71.6–90.3)

74.4 (69.3–83.2)

< 0.0001

Biochemical markers

HIV status (Unaffected n: Affected n)#

1668: 326

917: 157

707: 156

0.04

TC (mmol/L)

4.82 (4.01–5.87)

4.93 (4.11–6.05)

4.74 (3.95–5.67)

0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.79 (2.08–3.65)

3.02 (2.25–3.88)

2.56 (1.87–3.25)

< 0.0001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.42 (1.06–1.87)

1.32 (1.02–1.67)

1.60 (1.14–2.09)

< 0.0001

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.08 (0.82–1.55)

1.12 (0.82–1.56)

1.30 (0.36–7.88)

0.08

HbA1c (%)

5.50 (5.30–5.80)

5.60 (5.30–5.90)

5.50 (5.10–5.80)

< 0.0001

CRP (mg/L)

3.29 (0.96–9.34)

3.40 (0.89–9.44)

3.04 (1.04–9.13)

0.68

Total fibrinogen (g/l)

2.90 (2.30–5.00)

3.10 (2.40–5.50)

2.70 (2.10–4.30)

< 0.0001

Fibrinogen γ’ (%)

10.2 (7.14–14.6)

10.3 (7.12–14.7)

10.1 (7.34–14.6)

0.81

Lag time (min)

6.52 (5.10–7.78)

6.50 (5.13–7.77)

6.58 (5.10–7.78)

0.96

Slope (×10⁻⁰³ au/s)

8.90 (6.49–11.9)

9.23 (6.72–12.3)

8.52 (6.15–11.6)

< 0.001

Maximum absorbance (nm)

0.42 (0.33–0.52)

0.43 (0.35–0.53)

0.40 (0.31–0.49)

< 0.001

CLT (min)

57.2.(50.9–63.8)

59.2 (53.8–66.0)

52.3 (47.5–60.5)

< 0.001

GGT (U/l)

46.0 (29.7–88.0)

36.4 (26.3–55.0)

73.0 (40.1–157)

< 0.001

%CDT

2.67 (1.97–3.59)

2.35 (1.80–3.08)

3.07 (2.30–4.32)

< 0.001

GGT-CDT

4.37 (3.76–5.12)

3.98 (3.54–4.52)

4.99 (4.29–5.72)

< 0.001

ALT (IU/L)

17.1 (12.0–25.1)

16.0 (11.6–21.8)

19.5 (13.0–29.1)

< 0.001

AST (IU/L)

26.0 (19.2–39.0)

23.2 (18.0–31.0)

31.7 (22.0–52.1)

< 0.001

Dietary intake

Alcohol intake of consumers (g/day); abstainers: drinkers (n:n)#

15.4 (6.43–34.7);

824: 659

–

15.4 (6.43–34.7)

–

Energy (kJ)

7175 (5268–10,001)

6508 (4834–8763)

8077 (5953–11,792)

< 0.001

Protein (%TE)

11.6 (10.4–12.9)

11.6 (10.3–12.8)

11.6 (10.5–13.0)

0.13

Carbohydrate (%TE)

60.3 (54.2–67.5)

63.1 (56.2–69.6)

57.5 (52.4–63.3)

< 0.001

Total fat (%TE)

22.5 (17.4–27.7)

22.7 (18.1–28.2)

22.4 (16.6–27.1)

< 0.001