Table 1 Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 108 critically ill COVID-19 patients stratified according to their thrombosis status
Characteristics | All patients (n = 108) | No thrombotic events (n = 88) | Venous thrombosis (n = 7) | Arterial thrombosis (n = 13) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 62 (19–88) | 61.5 (19–88) | 62 (54–75) | 64 (40–82) |
Male | 75 (69.4%) | 59 (67%) | 5 (71.4%) | 11 (84.6%) |
Body weight > 100 kg | 6 (5.6%) | 5 (5.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (7.7%) |
Ethnicity | ||||
Chinese | 67 (62%) | 55 (62.5%) | 6 (85.7%) | 6 (46.2%) |
Malay | 14 (13%) | 12 (13.6%) | 1 (14.3%) | 1 (7.7%) |
Indian | 16 (14.8%) | 12 (13.6%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (30.8%) |
Thai/Burmese | 3 (2.8%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Others | 8 (7.4%) | 6 (6.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (15.4%) |
Pre-existing medical conditions | ||||
Major illness | ||||
Hypertension | 62 (57.4%) | 50 (56.8%) | 3 (42.9%) | 9 (69.2%) |
Ischaemic heart disase | 21 (19.4%) | 16 (18.2%) | 2 (28.6%) | 3 (23.1%) |
Dyslipidemia | 52 (48.1%) | 40 (45.5%) | 4 (57.1%) | 8 (61.5%) |
Heart failure | 4 (3.7%) | 4 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Previous stroke | 6 (5.6%) | 5 (5.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (7.7%) |
Diabetes | 40 (37%) | 35 (39.8%) | 1 (14.3%) | 4 (30.8%) |
Renal impairment | 15 (13.9%) | 12 (13.6%) | 1 (14.3%) | 2 (15.4%) |
History of venous thromboembolism | 4 (3.7%) | 4 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Anti-coagulant therapy at admission | 4 (3.7%) | 4 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Anti-platelet agent at admission | 20 (18.5%) | 15 (17%) | 2 (28.6%) | 3 (23.1%) |
ICU-specific findings | ||||
APACHE II | 11 (0–32) | 10.5 (0–32) | 11 (6–27) | 11 (4–20) |
SOFA | 3 (0–16) | 3 (0–12) | 2 (0–16) | 4 (1–9) |
Mechanical ventilation | 84 (77.8%) | 66 (75%) | 5 (71.4%) | 13 (100%) |
Dialysis support | 28 (25.9%) | 21 (23.9%) | 2 (28.6%) | 5 (38.5%) |
Onset of symptoms till ICU admission in days | 8 (0–34) | 7.5 (0–34) | 8 (4–15) | 9 (3–34) |
Prophylactic anticoagulation | 69 (63.9%) | 59 (67%) | 4 (57.1%) | 6 (46.2%) |
Thrombosis-related features | ||||
Onset of thrombosis from hospital admission in days | 13 (7–42) | 7 (0–25) | ||
Onset of thrombosis from admission to ICU in days | 7 (2–23) | 5 (0–13) | ||
Bleeding complications | ||||
Major bleeding events | 16 (14.8%) | 10 (11.4%) | 3 (42.9%) | 3 (23.1%) |
Minor bleeding events | 4 (3.7%) | 4 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Death | 9 (8.3%) | 5 (5.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | 3 (23.1%) |
Laboratory findings, median (range) | ||||
PT (s) | 12.6 (11.2–13.6) | 12.0 (11.0–13.1) | 13.4 (13.2–15.3) | 12.8 (11.5–15.7) |
aPTT (s) | 36.9 (32.8–41.9) | 36.8 (32.6–41.2) | 33.8 (32.6–38.2) | (39.8 (32.9–42.2) |
D-dimer (mg/L FEU) | 2.3 (1.2–6.1) | 1.9 (1.2–5.5) | 2.7 (2.4–2.7) | 6.1 (1.8–12.8) |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 5.9 (4.2–8.2) | 6.8 (4.1–8.0) | 4.0 (2.1–5.6) | 6.2 (4.7–9.2) |
White blood count (× 109 /L) | 8.5 (6.1–11.7) | 8.3 (6.0–11.1) | 11.3 (6.5–14.9) | 10.5 (7.5–12.9) |
Absolute lymphocyte count (×109 /L) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.7) |
Absolute neutrophil count (×109 /L) | 7.1 (4.5–10.3) | 6.9 (4.5–10.1) | 7.9 (5.2–13.8) | 8.6 (5.0–11.5) |
Plaletet count (×109 /L) | 221 (116–350) | 219 (161–350) | 232 (155–385) | 230 (160–338) |
CRP (mg/L) | 158 (99–249) | 174 (97–265) | 142 (17–198) | 140 (114–163) |
Procalcitonin (μg/L) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 0.2 (0.2–2.3) | 0.6 (0.2–2.1) |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 85 (68–120) | 85 (68–120) | 78 (62–135) | 88 (71–120) |