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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study patients

From: Persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation is associated with severe cardioembolic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

 

PAF (n = 127)

PerAF (n = 231)

p-value

Basic characteristics

 Age (years)

80 (73–84)

79 (73–84)

0.94

 Male gender

66 (52%)

128 (55%)

0.53

 BMI (kg/m2)

22.6 (20.6–24.9)

22.5 (20.5–25.2)

0.73

Risk stratification

 CHADS2 score

3 (2–4)

3 (2–4)

<  0.0001

 CHA2DS2-VASc score

4 (3–5)

5 (4–6)

<  0.0001

 HAS-BLED score

3 (2–3)

3 (2–4)

0.0004

  Congestive heart failure

32 (25%)

92 (40%)

0.005

  Hypertension

95 (75%)

180 (78%)

0.52

  Diabetes mellitus

27 (21%)

80 (35%)

0.008

  Prior cerebral infarction or TIA

45 (35%)

121 (52%)

0.003

  Vascular disease

23 (18%)

63 (27%)

0.05

 Antiplatelet use

26 (20%)

54 (23%)

0.60

 Smoking

14 (11%)

32 (14%)

0.51

 Dyslipidemia

78 (61%)

140 (61%)

0.91

Blood chemistry

 Cre (mg/dL)

0.83 (0.72–0.99)

0.85 (0.71–1.11)

0.32

 CCr (mL/min)

51.6 (38.8–65.2)

50.3 (37.3–66.7)

0.83

 PT-INR

0.99 (0.92–1.05)

1.04 (0.96–1.15)

<  0.0001

Treatment

 rt-PA thrombolysis

22 (17%)

33 (14%)

0.45

 OAC before onset

  

<  0.0001

  None

110 (87%)

145 (63%)

 

  WF

11 (9%)

72 (31%)

 

  DOAC

6 (5%)

14 (6%)

 
  1. Data are shown as median (25th–75th percentiles) or n (%). Creatinine clearance was estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation. PAF indicates paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, PerAF persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation, BMI; body mass index, TIA; transient ischemic attack, Cre serum creatinine, CCr creatinine clearance, PT-INR prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, rt-PA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, OAC oral anticoagulant, WF warfarin, DOAC direct oral anticoagulant