| Stein et al. [2] | Linnemann et al. [9] | Linnemann et al. [10] | Kraft et al. [11] | Teter et al. [12] | Lin et al. a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study design | Retrospective, NHDS database | Retrospective, MAISTHRO database | Retrospective, single institute | Retrospective, two institutes | ||
Study periods | 1979 to 2005 | Mar 2000 to Aug 2006 | Mar 2000 to Nov 2007 | Mar 2000 to Feb 2010 | Jan 2013 to July 2016 | May 2012 to Dec 2019 |
Reported patient numbers | 99,000 VCT patients | 53 IVCT patients | 60 IVCT patients, only 40 patients enrolled | 141 IVCT patients | 41 IVCT patients | 8 IVCT patients |
Study areas | USA 50 states | Germany | New York | Taiwan | ||
Proportion of VTE (IVCT/VTE) | 99,000/ 7,902,000 (1.3 %) | 53/1170 (3 %) | 60/1421 (4.2 %) | 141/1500 (9.4 %) | NA | NA |
Gender (F/M) n (%) | 50,400 (51.1 %) /48,200 (48.9 %) | 35 (66 %)/ 18 (34 %) | 25 (63 %) / 15 (37 %) | 81 (57 %)/ 60 (43 %) | 21 (51.2 %) / 20 (48.8 %) | 5 (62.5 %)/ 3 (37.5 %) |
Age (median) | 0–70+ (NA) | 12–79 (35.6) | 12–38 (34) | 12–85 (47) | 15–91 (61) | 30–54 (35.5) |
Clinical characteristics | ||||||
Location and extent of IVCT, n (%) | NA | Suprarenal segment, 3 (6 %); infrarenal segment, 50 (94 %) | NA | Hepatic segment,12 (8.5 %); suprarenal segment, 12 (8.5 %); infrarenal segment, 139 (98.6 %) | NA | Infrahepatic segment, 2 (25 %); infrarenal segment, 6 (75 %) |
Isolated IVCT, n (%) | 77,000 (78 %) | 4 (7.6 %) | 1 (2.5 %) | NA | NA | 0 (0 %) |
Thrombosis involving other venous segments, n (%) | 22,000 (22 %) coexisted with DVT | Hepatic veins, 1 (1.9 %); renal veins, 2 (3.8 %); iliac veins, 46 (87 %); femoral veins, 42 (79 %); calf veins, 27 (51 %) | Hepatic veins, 1 (2.5 %); iliac veins, 37 (93 %); femoropopliteal veins, 30 (75 %); calf veins, 14 (35 %) | Right atrium, 10 (7.1 %); hepatic veins, 6 (4.3 %); renal veins, 24 (17 %); iliac veins, 94 (66.7 %); femoral veins, 69 (48.9 %); popliteal veins, 49 (34.8 %); calf veins, 31 (22 %) | NA | 8 (100 %) with DVT; proximal veins, 8 (100 %); distal veins 5 (62.5 %) |
Bilateral lower extremities DVT, n (%) | NA | 13 (28.3 %) | NA | NA | NA | 4 (50 %) |
Bilateral DVT with dilatation of the superficial veins of the abdominal wall, n (%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 (50 %) |
Collaterals inside the abdomen, n (%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 (62.5 %) |
PE, n (%) | 9400 (12 %) | 17 (32.1 %) | NA | 38 (27.0 %) | 11 (26.8 %); 7 with IVC filters | 5 (62.5 %); 2 with IVC filters |