Table 3 Summary of etiology reported from studies on inferior vena cava thrombosis
| Â | Stein et al. [2] | Linnemann et al. [9] | Linnemann et al. [10] | Kraft et al. [11] | Teter et al. [12] | Lin et al. a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary/unprovoked IVCT | NA | NA | 16 (40 %) | 32 (22.7 %) | NA | 1 (12.5 %) |
Congenital IVC anomalies, n (%) | NA | 6 (11.3 %) | NA | 18 (12.8 %) | NA | 0 (0 %) |
External compression, n (%) | NA | 6 (11.3 %) | NA | 9/55 (16.4 %) of reported malignancy related IVCT | NA | 0 (0 %) |
Malignancy, n (%), most common cancer types | 37,000 (37.4 %), kidney; trachea, bronchus, and lung | 9 (17.0 %), lung, breast, kidney, bladder, ovary, brain | 6 (15 %), NA | 55 (39 %), renal, ovary, testes, breast, lymphoma | 17 (41.5 %), NA | 0 (0 %) |
Hereditary thrombophilia, n (%) | NA | 28 (52.8 %) | 27 (51 %) | 37 (38.9 %) | 4 (9.8 %) | 1 (12.5 %) |
Antithrombin deficiency, n (%) | NA | 2 (3.8 %) | NA | 2 (1.8 %) | NA | 1 (12.5 %) |
Lupus anticoagulants /APS, n (%) | NA | 5 (10.9 %) | 3 (6 %) | 6 (5.8 %) | NA | 3 (37.5 %) |
Anticardiolipin antibody, n (%) | NA | 2 (3.8 %) | NA | NA | NA | 0 (0 %) |
Pregnancy, n (%) | NA | NA | 1(4 %) | 2 (2.5 %) | NA | 2 (25 %) |
Obesity, n (%) | NA | 7 (14.9 %) | NA | NA | 11 (26.8 %) | 0 (0 %) |
Surgery, n (%) | NA | 11 (20.8 %) | 6 (15 %) | 17 (12.1 %) | NA | 2 (25 %) |
IVC filters, n (%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 18 (43.9 %) | 2 (25 %) |
Oral contraceptives / hormone treatment, n (%) | NA | 13 (37.1 %) | 12 (48 %) | 25 (30.9 %) | 3 (7.3 %) | 0 (0 %) |
Other risk factors, n (%) | NA | Family history of DVT, 6 (12.7 %); inflammatory disease, 8 (15.1 %) | Inflammatory disease, 5 (13 %); immobilization 2 (5 %); MPN 0 (0 %); JAK-2 V617F mutation 0 (0 %) | Inflammatory disease, 23 (16.3 %); risk-associated DVT, 109 (77.3 %) | History of prior DVT, 25 (61.0 %); smoking, 18 (43.9 %) | ET, 1 (12.5 %); hemoglobin H disease, 1 (12.5 %) |