Skip to main content

Table 1 Attributes of the 19 Studies Included in the Meta-Analysis

From: A review of thromboembolic events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Author

Study Period

Type of Study

# VTE/Total patients (%)

Mean age

Sex

Thromboprophylaxis (type/dose)

Clinical course

Stoneham SM, et al. [21]

Mar 20-Apr 9, 2020 (20 days)

Case-control study

21/274 (8%)

VTE-positive 67 ± 12 years

VTE-negative 65 ± 15 years

VTE-positive:

Men 67%

VTE-negative:

Men 57%

3 patients given weight-based treatment with LMWH

Overall all-cause mortality rate 27.7%

Zhang L, et al. [22]

Jan 29-Feb 29, 2020 (31 days)

Retrospective cohort study

66/143 (46%)

63 ± 14 years

Men 52%

Women 48%

37.1% patients given DVT prophylaxis; 41.3% patients received LMWH after positive ultrasound studies for DVT

10.5% patients were admitted to the ICU. DVT patients > 65 years (66.7% vs 41.6%) and critically ill (65.2% vs 28.6%).

Cui S, et al. [23]

Jan 30-Mar 22, 2020 (23 days)

Cohort study, risk analysis

20/81 (25%)

59.9 ± 14.1 years

Men 46%

Women 54%

No preventive anticoagulant was administered

All admitted to ICU. 41% patients had chronic medical illness. D-dimer level was a good index for predicting VTE.

Klok FA, et al. [24]

Mar 7-Apr 5, 2020 (29 days)

Prospective cohort study

75/184 (39%)

64 ± 12 years

Men 76%

Women 24%

All patients received pharmacological thromboprophylaxis per local hospital

VTE patients at higher risk of all-cause death (HR 5.4). Anticoagulation lowers risk HR 0.29; all-cause death (HR 0.79, 95%CI 0.35–1.8).

Demelo-Rodríguez P, et al. [25]

mid-April 2020

Prospective observational study

23/156 (15%)

68.1 ± 14.5 years

Men 65%

Women 35%

All patients received standard doses of thromboprophylaxis, except 3 patients with high bleeding risk

Asymptomatic patients not in-ICU with COVID- 19

Pavoni V, et al. [26]

Feb 28-Apr 10, 2020 (11 days)

Retrospective, observational study

20/40 (50%)

61 ± 13 years

Men 60%

Women 40%

All patients received thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin

DVT) in 6 patients (15%) and TBE 2 patients (5%); 12 patients (30%) had a catheter thrombosis

Middeldorp S, et al. [27]

Mar 2-Apr 12, 2020 (41 days)

In-patient cohort study

39/198 (20%)

61 years

Men 66%

Women 34%

Ward patients received thrombosis prophylaxis with nadroparin. ICU received a double dose of nadroparin

VTE 47% ICU patients, 3% of wards

Lodigiani C, et al. [28]

Feb 13-Apr 10, 2020 (26 days)

Retrospective study

60/388 (21%)

66 (55–85) years

Men 80%

Women 20%

All ICU patients received LMWH; general wards: prophylactic 41, 21% intermediate-, 23% therapeutic dose.

Older patients dying during hospitalization (OR 1.10; 95%CI 1.07–1.13). VTE, 27.6% ICU, 6.6% general ward

Llitjos JF, et al. [29]

Mar 19-Aprl 11, 2020 (23 days)

Retrospective cohort study

 

68 (51.5–74.5)

Men 77%

Women 23%

31% treated with prophylactic dose, 69% with therapeutic dose

All ICU patients. 56% with VTE

Helms J, et al. [30]

Mar 3-Mar 31, 2020 (28 days)

Multicenter prospective cohort

 

63 [53; 71] years

Men 81%

Women 19%

70% prophylactic dose, 30% therapeutic dose

All ICU patients. PE16.7%. COVID-19 ARDS patients developed had more VTE (11.7 vs. 2.1%)

Koleilat I, et al. [31]

Mar 1-Apr 10, 2020 (40 days)

Single center retrospective case-control study

18/26 (69%)

DVT positive - 59 years

DVT negative - 64 years

Men 52%

Women 48%

12/18 with chemical thromboprophylaxis; 2/18 therapeutic anticoagulation developed DVT

DVT 10.1% either SARS-CoV-2 negative or untested. More COVID-19 patients with DVT

Zerwes S, et al. [32]

Apr 18-Apr 30, 2020 (12 days)

Prospective single center study

64/150 (43%)

Mean for all patients 67 years; COVID-19 patients 62 years, non-COVID-19 patients 69 years

No information

Anticoagulation:

9 prophylactic (6 COVID)

3 sub-therapeutic

5 therapeutic.

ICU patients: 20 COVID-19-positive patients compared with 20 non-COVID-19 patients. Elevated D-dimer levels.

Thomas W, et al. [33]

Days of observation =8 (range 1–28)

Observational study

17/63 (27%)

Estimated average age 61 years

Men 69%

Women 31%

Prophylactic dalteparin adjusted for weight and renal function or unfractionated heparin

All ICU patients. At censor date: Still in ICU 44%; In ward or discharged 32%; Dead 16%

Nahum J, et al. [34]

Mid-Mar to early Apr 2020 (21 days)

Prospective single center study

27/34 (79%)

62.2 ± 8.6 years

Men 78%

Women 22%

All patients received anticoagulant prophylaxis at hospital admission

All in ICU. VTE 65% at admission, 79% 48 h after

Longchamp A, et al. [35]

Marc 8-Apr 4, 2020

Retrospective review

8/25 (32%)

68 ± 11 years

Men 64%

Women 36%

Therapeutic anticoagulation only in patients with VTE

Discharged 72%

In hospital ICU 2%

Dead 20%

Gervaise A, et al. [36]

Mar 14-Apr 6, 2020 (23 days)

Retrospective review

13/72 (18%)

APE 74.4 years ±15.0

non-APE 59.6 years ±17.4

Men 75%

Women 25%

Unknown

Discharged 38 (53%)

In hospital 23 (32%)

Dead 11 (15%)

Mestre-Gómez B, et al. [37]

Mar 30-Apr 12, 2020 (13 days)

Retrospective review

29/91 (32%)

65 years (56–73)

Men 72%

Women 28%

Most patients diagnosed with PE received LMWH, 79.3%

Discharged 82.7%; Still In hospital 13.8%; ICU 6.9%; Dead 3.4%

Inciardi RM, et al. [38]

Mar 4, 2020-Mar 25, 2020 (21 days)

Prospective cohort study

15/99 (15%)

67 ± 12 years

Men 81%)

Women 19%

Anticogulation not routinely given to patients in sinus rhythm

VTE higher in cardiac patients (23% vs. 6%)

Mortality higher in cardiac patients (36% vs. 15%)

Soumagne T, et al. [39]

Mar 10-Apr 12, 2020 (33 days)

Retrospective review

56/375 (15%)

With PE: 61.1 ± 9.1 years

Without PE: 63.5 ± 10.1 years

With PE:

Men 84%

Without PE:

Men 76%

All patients given anticoagulation at preventive dose

Patients with PE vs. Pts without PE

ICU mortality day 14: 16% vs. 26%) p = 0.13

ICU mortality day 28: 29% vs. 37%) p = 0.27

Extubated day 28: 49% vs. 68% p = 0.25

  1. Abbreviations used in Table 1: APE Acute pulmonary embolism, DVT Deep vein thrombosis; HR Hazard Ratio, LMWH Low molecular weight heparin, OR Odds ratio, PE Pulmonary embolism, SOFA Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, vs Versus