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Table 2 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of DVT Vs Non-DVT Patients in Overall ARDS Cohort

From: Prevalence, risk, and outcome of deep vein thrombosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Characteristic

Total

DVT

Non-DVT

P value

(N = 225)

(N = 90)

(N = 135)

 

Age (years)

66 ± 17

70 ± 13

63 ± 18

<  0.001

Male, n (%)

144 (64.0)

52 (57.8)

92 (68.1)

0.112

BMI

24.1 (21.6, 26.8)

24.0 (20.8, 26.0)

24.2 (22.0, 27.2)

0.146

Direct ARDS

 Pneumonia

96 (86.5)

40 (90.9)

56 (83.6)

0.412

 Aspiration

15 (13.5)

4 (9.1)

11 (16.4)

 

Indirect ARDS

 Non-pulmonary sepsis

81 (71.1)

33 (71.7)

48 (70.6)

0.894

 Pancreatitis

33 (28.9)

13 (28.3)

20 (29.4)

 

Bedridden time (days)

8 (4, 15)

10 (5, 18)

7 (4, 15)

0.216

Caprini score

7 (5, 9)

7 (5, 10)

7 (5, 9)

0.135

Padua prediction score

6 (5, 6)

6 (5, 8)

5 (5, 6)

0.023

APACHE II score

23 (19, 28)

24 (20, 28)

23 (18, 29)

0.596

SOFA score

8 (5, 10)

7 (5, 9)

8 (5, 11)

0.622

Laboratory data

 White blood cells (×109/L)

16.9 (12.0, 21.4)

16.5 (13.4, 21.0)

17.1 (11.6, 22.6)

0.733

 Neutrophils (×109/L)

14.5 (10.4, 19.7)

14.7 (11.4, 19.3)

14.4 (9.9, 20.1)

0.709

 Platelets (×109/L)

183.0 (101.0, 253.5)

196.5 (124.3, 263.3)

172.0 (84.0, 253.0)

0.141

 C-reactive protein (mg/L)

120.0 (89.4, 120.0)

120.0 (82.0, 120.0)

120.0 (92.5, 120.0)

0.471

 Procalcitonin (ng/mL)

5.6 (2.0, 16.2)

12.7 (3.4, 21.5)

3.5 (1.5, 10.3)

< 0.001

 Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

116.7 (66.6, 209.5)

95.1 (58.8, 165.5)

125.6 (70.6, 250.3)

0.007

 D-dimer (μg/ml)

1.9 (0.9, 3.8)

2.1 (0.9, 5.0)

1.8 (0.9, 3.3)

0.070

 PaO2 /FiO2

158 (103, 199)

137 (87, 179)

172 (116, 209)

0.002*

 Mild, n (%)

54 (24.0)

14 (15.6)

40 (29.6)

0.026#

 Moderate, n (%)

116 (51.6)

48 (53.3)

68 (50.4)

 

 Severe, n (%)

55 (24.4)

28 (31.1)

27 (20.0)

 

Treatments

 Glucocorticoid therapy, n (%)

51 (22.7)

22 (24.4)

29 (21.5)

0.603

 Immunoglobulin, n (%)

5 (2.2)

2 (2.2)

3 (2.2)

1.000

 Sedative therapy, n (%)

96 (42.7)

50 (55.6)

46 (34.1)

0.001

 Vasoactive agent therapy, n (%)

55 (24.4)

25 (27.8)

30 (22.2)

0.342

 CRRT, n (%)

33 (14.7)

10 (11.1)

23 (17.0)

0.218

 CVC, n (%)

125 (55.6)

55 (61.1)

70 (51.9)

0.171

 IMV, n (%)

122 (54.2)

66 (73.3)

56 (41.5)

< 0.001

 Length of IMV (days)

3 (2, 7)

3 (2, 6)

3 (2, 8)

0.543

 Length of IMV ≥ 3 days, n (%)

80 (65.6)

43 (65.2)

37 (66.1)

0.915

 VTE prophylaxis, n (%)

135 (60.0)

50 (55.6)

85 (63.0)

0.267

 LMWH, n (%)

108 (48.0)

39 (43.3)

69 (51.1)

0.253

 LMWH + physical prophylaxis, n (%)

75 (33.5)

29 (32.6)

46 (34.1)

0.817

 Physical prophylaxis only, n (%)

23 (10.3)

9 (10.1)

14 (10.4)

0.950

ICU length of stay (days)

11 (6, 24)

12 (5, 24)

11 (6, 26)

0.563

Hospital length of stay (days)

19 (12, 32)

20 (11, 32)

19 (12, 31)

0.816

Mortality, n (%)

77 (34.2)

45 (50.0)

32 (23.7)

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR), or n (%). P values comparing DVT and non-DVT groups were from a two-sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, or Fisher exact test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
  2. *χ2 test comparing DVT and non-DVT groups
  3. #χ2 test comparing all subcategories
  4. Abbreviations: APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, BMI body mass index, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, CVC central venous catheterization, DVT deep venous thrombosis, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, ICU intensive care unit, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, IQR interquartile range, LMWH low molecular weight heparin, mild 200 mmHg<PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg, moderate 100 mmHg<PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mmHg, PaO2 partial pressure of arterial oxygen, SD standard deviation, severe PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mmHg, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, VTE venous thromboembolism