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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the 30-day survivors and early death group (died before 7 days)

From: The evolution of clot strength in critically-ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective observational thromboelastography study

Variable on admission

Normal reference ranges

30-day

Survivor

(N = 13)

Died before

7 days

(N = 11)

P value

Age, years (SD)

 

52 (±9)

57 (±9)

0.171

Female, n (%)

 

7 (54)

1 (9)

0.046

Comorbidities

 Hypertension, n (%)

 

9 (69)

7 (64)

0.556

 Diabetes, n (%)

 

8 (62)

8 (73)

0.444

 Overweight, (BMI > 25 kg/m2) n (%)

 

2 (15)

6 (55)

0.055

 Obese, (BMI > 30 kg/m2) n (%)

 

11 (85)

2 (18)

0.002

Disease Severity Scores

 SOFA score (IQR)

 

4 (4–4)

5 (4–7)

0.360

 PaO2/FiO2 ratio (IQR)

 

95 (60–103)

101 (81–122)

0.450

 DIC score (IQR)

 

3 (2–3)

3 (3–4)

0.113

Laboratory Values

 Platelet count, × 109/L (IQR)

171–388

352 (263–466)

358 (255–438)

0.776

 Urea, mmol/L (IQR)

2.1–7.1

7.7 (5.8–8.5)

9.3 (6.1–12.8)

0.296

 Creatinine, μmol/L (IQR)

64–104

67 (64–81)

65 (56–136)

0.943

 Prothrombin time, s (IQR)a

11–12.5

13.3 (12.8–13.5)

15.0 (13.6–15.8)

0.013

 Activated partial thromboplastin time, s (IQR)

25.1–36.5

29.9 (28.9–32.6)

30.2 (28.7–33.3)

0.809

 D-Dimer, mg/L (IQR)

< 0.25

0.9 (0.6–2.5)

3.0 (0.9–5.3)

0.096

 Fibrinogen, g/L (IQR)

2–4

5 (5–5)b

5 (5–5)b

0.399

TEG Heparinase

 R time, min (IQR)

4.3–8.3

7.7 (7.5–8.2)

6.6 (5.4–9.7)

0.579

 K time, min (IQR)

0.8–1.9

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.0 (0.8–2.0)

0.830

 α-angle, degree (IQR)

64–77

75.0 (71.3–78.9)

77.3 (66.6–78.7)

0.679

 Maximum amplitude, mm (IQR)

52–68

71.1 (69.5–72.6)

70.5 (69.1–71.7)

0.503

 LY-30, % (IQR)

0–8

0 (0–0.1)

0 (0–0.6)

0.529

TEG functional fibrinogen

 Maximum amplitude, mm (IQR)

15–32

48.3 (41.4–50.4)

42.1 (39.4–49.1)

0.353

  1. Table 2 Demographics, laboratory coagulation studies and thromboelastography (TEG) results for the overall 30-day survivors (N = 13) compared to the early death group (N = 11) with corresponding p-values provided. Data are reported as mean (±SD), median (IQR), n (%). Reference ranges were established by the local laboratory and TEG 6 s operating manual.
  2. BMI body mass index, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment, Pa02/Fi02 Ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen, DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, PT Prothrombin time, aPTT Activated partial thromboplastin time 
  3. aPT laboratory control for the duration of the study was 11.7 s
  4. bValue is above the upper measurable limit of fibrinogen in local laboratory