Table 3 Baseline characteristics and renal outcomes (after warfarin, dabigatran, and anti-factor Xa inhibitors 1:1:2 propensity score matching)

N

531

531

1062

Gender (male)

344 (64.8)

358 (67.4)

660 (62.1)

0.110

0.003

0.003

0.007

Mean age

71 ± 8.8^{a, b}

70 ± 8.7^a

71 ± 8.6^b

0.004

0.108

0.068

0.177

 Type 2 DM

111 (20.9)

104 (19.6)

238 (22.4)

0.415

0.003

0.003

0.006

 Hypertension

258 (48.6)^a

214 (40.3)^b

524 (49.3)^a

0.002

0.012

0.001

0.014

 Hyperlipidemia

127 (23.9)

118 (22.2)

267 (25.1)

0.436

0.004

0.002

0.006

 Heart failure

34 (6.4)

34 (6.4)

87 (8.2)

0.285

0

0.007

0.002

 Previous stroke

30 (5.6)

31 (5.8)

58 (5.5)

0.952

0.001

0.001

0.002

 Vascular disease

14 (2.6)

6 (1.1)

24 (2.3)

0.188

0.011

0.002

0.009

 Stage < 3

355 (66.9)^a

407 (76.6)^b

678 (63.8)^a

<  0.001

0.012

0.004

0.015

 Stage ≥3

176 (33.1)^a

124 (23.4)^b

384 (36.2)^a

0.018

0.005

0.024

 CHA2DS2-VASc

2.55 ± 1.30^a

2.40 ± 1.33^a

3.26 ± 1.33^b

< 0.001

0.114

0.106

0.218

 ACEI/ARB

329 (62.0)

310 (58.4)

669 (63.0)

0.199

0.005

0.001

0.006

 Spironolactone

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (0.4)

0.500

–

0.006

0.006

 The average serum Cr (mg/dL)

1.06 ± 0.30^a

1.00 ± 0.26^b

1.07 ± 0.30^a

< 0.001

0.214

0.033

0.249

 Baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

71.47 ± 22.42^a

76.00 ± 21.91^b

69.65 ± 21.24^a

<  0.001

0.204

0.083

0.294

 1-year eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

68.90 ± 21.78^a

73.85 ± 22.02^b

67.82 ± 21.21^a

<  0.001

0.226

0.050

0.279

 2-year eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

68.87 ± 24.74^a

73.68 ± 25.72^b

66.91 ± 21.82^a

< 0.001

0.191

0.084

0.284

 Acute kidney injury (%)

54 (10.2)^a

23 (4.3)^b

57 (5.4)^b

< 0.001

0.022

0.017

0.005

 Renal failure requiring HD (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

1.000

–

0.004

0.004

 Renal death (%)

3 (0.6)

0 (0)

4 (0.4)

0.288

0.011

0.003

0.009