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Fig. 1 | Thrombosis Journal

Fig. 1

From: Tranexamic acid alters the immunophenotype of phagocytes after lower limb surgery

Fig. 1

Effects of surgery on white blood cell counts in placebo-and TXA-treated patients. Levels of leukocyte subsets were determined during routine full blood examination (FBE) (A-E) and flowcytometry (F-O). In placebo-treated patients, an increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes at EOS, followed by a significant reduction at POD-3 (C) could be detected. Within the myeloid cell populations we observed a decrease of pDC at POD-1 (I) as well as a significant increase of intermediate monocytes at POD-3 (N). Counts of the other white blood cell subsets were not significantly altered in this small cohort of placebo-treated patients. In the larger TXA-treated group, an increase in levels of circulating white blood cells overall (A), particularly neutrophils (B), classical (L) and intermediate monocytes (M) as well as MO-MDSC was observed, yet a significant decrease in circulating lymphocytes (C), particularly in B cells (F) and NK cells (G), as well as all assessed DC subsets (H-K) and non-classical monocytes (N) was detected at the various postoperative time points. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Placebo n = 3, TXA n = 14 (n = 4 for neutrophils (B) and basophils (E)), comparisons with preOP, repeated measures one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s correction test for multiple comparisons. FBE: full blood examination, preOP: pre-operative, EOS: end of surgery, POD-1: post-operative day 1, POD-3: post-operative day 3, cDC: conventional dendritic cells, pDC: plasmacytoid dendritic cells, MO-MDSC: monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells

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