Skip to main content

Table 3 Predictors of PE diagnosis and in-hospital death by univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis

From: Effect of heparin treatment on pulmonary embolism and in-hospital death in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients without overt deep vein thrombosis

Variable

PE HR (95% CI)

p

In-hospital death HR (95% CI)

p

Patients (n)

109

-

79

-

General clinical characteristics

 Female sex (no/yes)

0.96 (0.64–1.42)

0.821

1.28 (0.81–2.01)

0.294

 Age (each 1 year)

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.440

1.04 (1.02–1.07)

 < 0.001

 Body mass index (each 1 kg/m2)

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.980

0.95 (0.91–0.99)

0.026

 Smoking history (no/yes)

0.72 (0.38–1.39)

0.332

0.37 (0.14–1.02)

0.055

COVID-19 severity:

 • Mild/moderate (Ref.)

1

-

1

-

 • Severe

3.63 (2.05–6.45)

 < 0.001

2.01 (0.80–5.08)

0.138

 • Critical

3.11 (1.72–5.63)

 < 0.001

6.33 (2.72–14.76)

 < 0.001

Comorbidities (no/yes):

 • Hypertension

0.87 (0.60–1.27)

0.466

1.63 (1.02–2.61)

0.041

 • Chronic kidney disease

1.22 (0.81–1.83)

0.248

0.72 (0.42–1.21)

0.213

 • Diabetes

0.85 (0.53–1.36)

0.596

1.02 (0.61–1.71)

0.938

 • Active neoplasia

0.88 (0.51–1.49)

0.626

1.94 (1.19–3.16)

0.008

 • COPD

0.69 (0.28–1.70)

0.421

2.35 (1.17–4.72)

0.016

 • Autoimmune disease

1.30 (0.60–2.81)

0.499

2.06 (0.94–4.50)

0.069

 • Cirrhosis

0.63 (0.23–1.70)

0.358

1.43 (0.66–3.11)

0.368

 Pulmonary embolism (no/yes)

-

 

0.88 (0.55–1.39)

0.581

 ICU admission (no/yes)

2.15 (1.45–3.18)

 < 0.001

1.33 (0.84–2.10)

0.231

 Orotracheal intubation (no/yes)

1.96 (1.30–2.95)

0.001

1.52 (0.96–2.41)

0.075

Vital signs

 Body temperature (each 1 °C)

0.71 (0.53–0.96)

0.024

0.94 (0.70–1.25)

0.667

 Respiratory rate (each 1 breath/min)

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

0.601

1.09 (1.04–1.14)

 < 0.001

 Arterial O2 saturation (each 1%)

0.95 (0.91–0.98)

0.001

0.98 (0.93–1.03)

0.340

 SBP (each 1 mm Hg)

1.004 (0.995–1.013)

0.160

0.998 (0.988–1.008)

0.671

 Heart rate (each 1 bpm)

1.002 (0.990–1.016)

0.369

1.02 (1.00–1.03)

0.012

Biochemical variable and biomarkers

 Hemoglobin (each 1 g/dl)

1.04 (0.94–1.14)

0.183

0.95 (0.85–1.07)

0.411

 WBC (each 103 cells/mm3)

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

0.278

1.02 (0.99–1.06)

0.185

 Lymphocytes (each 103 cells/mm3)

0.99 (0.93–1.06)

0.897

0.63 (0.34–1.17)

0.148

 Platelets (each 104 cells/mm3)

1.02 (1.01–1.04)

0.006

0.97 (0.95–0.99)

0.010

 CRP (each 1 log mg/l)

1.08 (0.90–1.29)

0.193

1.41 (1.09–1.83)

0.009

 D-dimer (each 1 log ng/dl FEU)

1.32 (1.17–1.50)

 < 0.001

1.10 (0.93–1.29)

0.258

 eGFR (each 1 ml/min/1.73m2)

0.99 (0.99–1.01)

0.672

1.002 (0.996–1.009)

0.500

Drugs

 ACEi/ARB (no/yes)

0.81 (0.54–1.22)

0.315

1.07 (0.68–1.69)

0.769

 Statin (no/yes)

0.64 (0.38–1.06)

0.080

1.63 (0.99–2.67)

0.053

 Antiplatelet (no/yes)

0.75 (0.46–1.21)

0.235

1.48 (0.91–2.40)

0.116

 Any heparin use (no/yes)

1.23 (0.68–2.25)

0.496

0.59 (0.34–1.04)

0.068

  1. PE Pulmonary embolism, HR Hazards ratio, WHO World Health Organization, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WBC White blood cells, CRP C-reactive protein, FEU Fibrinogen equivalent unit, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACEi Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Back to article page

Thrombosis Journal

ISSN: 1477-9560

Contact us