Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled studies

Seiffge 2015 [5]

patients with AIS occurring while taking NOACs who were treated with IVT or IAT or both

VKA 77 (68–83)

DOAC 76 (68–81)

Non-OAC 71 (60–79)

VKA 345 (78.8)

DOAC 68 (87.2)

Non-OAC 2152 (24.3)

VKA 14.5 (7–19)

DOAC 14 (8–19)

Non-OAC 10 (6–16)

441/78/8838

sICH (ECASS-II), MRS

Rebello 2015 [6]

retrospective analysis of prospectively collected consecutive intra-arterial therapies

VKA 68.7 ± 13.57

DOAC 68.6 ± 7.45

Non-OAC 64.0 ± 14.7

VKA 17 (58)

DOAC 14 (82)

Non-OAC 66(24)

VKA 19.3 ± 5.5

DOAC 17.2 ± 7.6

Non-OAC 18.3 ± 6.3

29/17/265

sICH (HI-I/PH-II), mortality, reperfusion, MRS

Rozeman 2016 [7]

national Dutch database on IAT in AIS patients

VKA 61.5 (27–80)

Non-OAC 62 (12–93)

Not provided

VKA 14.5 (5–38)

Non-OAC 16 (1–42)

18/Nil/438

sICH (ECASS-II), MRS

Benavente 2016 [8]

30 APs with current use of dicumarins and 87 N-APs treated with direct MT with stent retriever

VKA 72.8 ± 7.85

Non-OAC 67.07 ± 10.60

VKA 87.49%

Non-OAC 17.44%

VKA 17 (7–28)

Non-OAC 16 (2–24)

30/Nil/87

sICH (ECASS-II), mortality, reperfusion, MRS

Uphaus 2016 [9]

adult AIS patients who underwent thrombectomy

Not provided

Not provided

Not provided

85/Nil/730

sICH (ECASS-II), MRS

Mundiyanapurath 2016 [10]

patients with anterior circulation stroke treated with endovascular therapy

All 72 (62–79)

Not provided

All 17 (14–20)

45/Nil/390

sICH (ECASS-II), MRS

Zapata-Wainberg 2017 [11]

consecutive patients with AIS treated with MT

OAC 72.73 ± 9.23

Non-OAC 65.87 ± 13.23

OAC 104 (92.0)

Non-OAC 96 (24.7)

OAC 16 (9)

Non-OAC 17 (9)

104/9/389

sICH (SIST), reperfusion, MRS

Cernik 2018 [12]

consecutive non-selected patients, who were treated with MT

VKA 76 ± 11

DOAC 77 ± 6

Non-OAC 70.0 ± 12.5

OAC 74 (84)

Non-OAC 230 (38)

OAC 16.5 (2–36)

Non-OAC 17.0 (1–42)

50/15/615

sICH (PH-II, ECASS-II), MRS

L’Allinec 2018 [13]

Aps and N-APs treated with MT, and N-APs treated with IV-rtPA and MT

OAC 75 (13)

Non-OAC 64 (14)

OAC 30 (75)

Non-OAC 22 (21)

OAC 18 (8)

Non-OAC 17 (7)

30/4/105

sICH (NINDS), MRS

Krajickova 2018 [14]

patients with AIS in the anterior circulation due to LVO treated with MT with or without IVT

OAC 75 ± 8.0

Non-OAC 71.1 ± 13.8

OAC 26 (100)

Non-OAC 114 (44)

OAC 15 (1–28)

Non-OAC 14 (0–40)

21/5/259

sICH (SIST-MOST), MRS

Wong 2018 [15]

consecutive patients undergoing MT

OAC 72.5 (59–78.5)

Non-OAC 70.5 (57–76)

OAC 31 (86.1)

Non-OAC 28 (42.4)

OAC 16 (9.5–20.5)

Non-OAC 16.5 (10–20)

23/13/66

sICH (ECASS-II), reperfusion, MRS

Meinel 2020 [16]

investigate the safety and efficacy of neurothrombectomy device in AIS

VKA 79 (71–84)

DOAC 78 (70–83)

Non-OAC 73 (60–81)

VKA 176 (80)

DOAC 66 (68.0)

Non-OAC 641 (40.1)

VKA 16 (11–20)

DOAC 16 (8.5–19.5)

Non-OAC 16 (10–20)

222/98/1622

sICH (ECASS-II), mortality, MRS

Goldhoorn 2020 [17]

AIS caused by an intracranial anterior circulation occlusion undergoing EVT

OAC 78 (69–84)

Non-OAC 71 (60–80)

OAC 394 (78)

Non-OAC 359 (13)

OAC 17 (12–20)

Non-OAC 16 (11–19)

404/98/2660

sICH (HI-I/PH-II), mortality, reperfusion, MRS

Ramos-Araque 2020 [18]

all consecutive AIS patients treated with reperfusion therapies

VKA 76.66 ± 10.2

DOAC 76.37 ± 9.79

Non-OAC 71.5 ± 13.2

VKA 171 (89)

DOAC 78 (96)

Non-OAC 153 (13)

VKA 18 (12–21)

DOAC 15 (9–20)

Non-OAC 16 (10–20)

193/81/1181

sICH (ECASS-II), mortality, MRS

Kupper 2020 [19]

all consecutive patients with LVO with an intention to be treated with EVT

VKA 77.7 ± 10

DOAC 77.7 ± 10.9

Non-OAC 72.0 ± 13.5

VKA 413 (86.9)

DOAC 715 (87.5)

Non-OAC 1438 (29.9)

VKA 15 (0–42)

DOAC 15 (0–42)

Non-OAC 14 (0–42)

479/827/4867

sICH (ECASS-II), mortality, reperfusion, MRS