Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;157–60.
Ko JY, Danielson ML, Town M, Derado G, Greenlund KJ, Kirley PD, et al. Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hospitalization: COVID-19-associated hospitalization surveillance network and behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72:e695–703.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosner CM, Genovese L, Tehrani BN, Atkins M, Bakhshi H, Chaudhri S, et al. Myocarditis temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Circulation. 2021;502–5.
Larson KF, Ammirati E, Adler ED, Cooper LT, Hong KN, Saponara G, et al. Myocarditis after BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccination. Circulation. 2021;144:506–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Abu Mouch S, Roguin A, Hellou E, Ishai A, Shoshan U, Mahamid L, et al. Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Vaccine. 2021;39:3790–3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:2092–101.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schultz NH, Sørvoll IH, Michelsen AE, Munthe LA, Lund-Johansen F, Ahlen MT, et al. Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:2124–30.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scully M, Singh D, Lown R, Poles A, Solomon T, Levi M, et al. Pathologic antibodies to platelet factor 4 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:2202–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sessa F, Salerno M, Esposito M, Di Nunno N, Zamboni P, Pomara C. Autopsy findings and causality relationship between death and COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2021;10.
Cines DB, Bussel JB. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine–induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:2254–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xie C, Vincent L, Chadwick A, Peschl H. COVID-19 vaccine induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:3206.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Long B, Bridwell R, Gottlieb M. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome associated with COVID-19 vaccines. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;49:58–61.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
MacNeil JR, Su JR, Broder KR, Guh AY, Gargano JW, Wallace M, et al. Updated recommendations from the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine after reports of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome among vaccine recipients — United States, April 2021. MMWR Recomm Reports. 2021;70:1–6.
CAS
Google Scholar
Baker AT, Boyd RJ, Sarkar D, Teijeira-Crespo A, Chan CK, Bates E, et al. ChAdOx1 interacts with CAR and PF4 with implications for thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Sci Adv. 2021;7:8213.
Article
Google Scholar
Novak N, Tordesillas L, Cabanillas B. Adverse rare events to vaccines for COVID-19: From hypersensitivity reactions to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Int Rev Immunol. 2021;41:1–10.
Article
Google Scholar
Cari L, Fiore P, Naghavi Alhosseini M, Sava G, Nocentini G. Blood clots and bleeding events following BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine: An analysis of European data. J Autoimmun. 2021;122:102685.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chen P-W, Tsai Z-Y, Chao T-H, Li Y-H, Hou CJ-Y, Liu P-Y. Addressing vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) following COVID-19 vaccination: a mini-review of practical strategies. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2021;37:355–64.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schulz JB, Berlit P, Diener HC, Gerloff C, Greinacher A, Klein C, et al. COVID-19 vaccine-associated cerebral venous thrombosis in Germany. Ann Neurol. 2021;90:627–39.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hosler GA, Cusumano AM, Hutchins GM. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome are distinct pathologic entities. A review of 56 autopsy cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003;127:834–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Neame PB, Lechago J, Ling ET, Koval A. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of a case with disseminated intravascular platelet aggregation. Blood. 1973;42:805–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kwaan HC. Clinicopathologic features of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Semin Hematol. 1987;24:71–81.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Asada Y, Sumiyoshi A, Hayashi T, Suzumiya J, Kaketani K. Immunohistochemistry of vascular lesion in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, with special reference to factor VIII related antigen. Thromb Res. 1985;38:469–79.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tasaki T, Yamada S, Nabeshima A, Noguchi H, Nawata A, Hisaoka M, et al. An autopsy case of myocardial infarction due to idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Diagn Pathol. 2015;10:52.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brocklebank V, Wood KM, Kavanagh D. Thrombotic microangiopathy and the kidney. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13:300–17.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Watanabe T, Imamura T, Nakagaki K, Tanaka K. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in autopsy cases its incidence and clinicopathologic significance. Pathol Res Pract Gustav Fischer Verlag. 1979;165:311–22.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ohashi R, Ishii H, Naito Z, Shimizu A. Morphological spectrum of renal pathology and its correlation to clinical features in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation: a study involving a series of 21 autopsy cases. Pathol Int. 2014;64:443–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ziakas PD, Poulou LS, Rokas GI, Bartzoudis D, Voulgarelis M. Thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: sites, risks, outcome. An overview. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5:642–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chow KM, Lai FM, Wang AY, Chan YL, Tang NL, Li PK. Reversible renal failure in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:1–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Puri V, Gandhi A, Sharma S. Renal biopsy in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: an insight into the spectrum of morphologic changes. Indian J Nephrol. 2017;27:284–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ichinoe M, Mikami T, Ujiie S, Suzuki K, Okayasu I. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with multiple organized thrombi accompanied by unusual cholesterin deposition: Autopsy case after long-term follow up: Case Report. Pathol Int. 2009;59:757–61.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sawaki D, Otani Y, Kobayakawa N, Sekita G, Fukushima K, Takeuchi H, et al. A case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with sepsis and congestive heart failure first autopsy report on Japan. Circ J. 2004;68:1215–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hermanns B, Janssens U, Handt S, Füzesi L. Pathomorphological aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia II (HIT-II syndrome). Virchows Arch. 1998;432:541–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theuerkauf I, Lickfett L, Harbrecht U, Pohl C, Fischer H, Pfeifer U. Segmental hepatic vein thrombosis associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia II. Virchows Arch. 2000;436:88–91.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Althaus K, Möller P, Uzun G, Singh A, Beck A, Bettag M, et al. Antibody-mediated procoagulant platelets in SARS-CoV-2-vaccination associated immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Haematologica. 2021;106:2170–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wiedmann M, Skattør T, Stray-Pedersen A, Romundstad L, Antal E-A, Marthinsen PB, et al. Vaccine induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia causing a severe form of cerebral venous thrombosis with high fatality rate: a case series. Front Neurol. 2021;12:721146.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pomara C, Sessa F, Ciaccio M, Dieli F, Esposito M, Garozzo SF, et al. Post-mortem findings in vaccine-induced thrombotic thombocytopenia. Haematologica. 2021;106:2291–3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Roncati L, Manenti A, Corsi L. A three-case series of thrombotic deaths in patients over 50 with comorbidities temporally after modRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Basel: Pathog; 2022. p. 11.
Google Scholar
Pomara C, Salerno M, Esposito M, Sessa F, Certo F, Tripodo C, et al. Histological and immunohistochemical findings in a fatal case of thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. Pathol Res Pract. 2022;231:153796.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fanni D, Saba L, Demontis R, Gerosa C, Chighine A, Nioi M, et al. Vaccine-induced severe thrombotic thrombocytopenia following COVID-19 vaccination: A report of an autoptic case and review of the literature. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25:5063–9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mele F, Tafuri S, Stefanizzi P, Amati D, Calvano A, Leonardelli M. M, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination and congenital deficiency of coagulation factors: Is there a correlation? Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;2095166.
Bucciarelli S, Cervera R, Espinosa G, Gómez-Puerta JA, Ramos-Casals M, Font J. Mortality in the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: Causes of death and prognostic factors. Autoimmun Rev. 2006;6:72–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bucciarelli S, Espinosa G, Cervera R, Erkan D, Gómez-Puerta JA, Ramos-Casals M, et al. Mortality in the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: causes of death and prognostic factors in a series of 250 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:2568–76.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mizuno R, Fujimoto S, Fujimoto T, Nishino T, Shiiki H, Hashimoto T, et al. Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: An autopsy case report of a young woman. Intern Med. 2000;39:856–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kinjo K, Terabe H, Ogawa M, Takeda H, Cho D, Hoshino S, et al. A case of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome as the initial manifestation. Rheumatol Int. 2008;29:211–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trougakos IP, Terpos E, Alexopoulos H, Politou M, Paraskevis D, Scorilas A, et al. Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis. Trends Mol Med. 2022;28:542–54.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kamura Y, Terao T, Akao S, Kono Y, Honma K, Matsue K. Fatal thrombotic microangiopathy with rhabdomyolysis as an initial symptom after the first dose of mRNA–1273 vaccine: A case report. Int J Infect Dis. 2022;117:322–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Haslbauer JD, Tzankov A, Mertz KD, Schwab N, Nienhold R, Twerenbold R, et al. Characterisation of cardiac pathology in 23 autopsies of lethal COVID-19. J Pathol Clin Res. 2021;7:326–37.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vallone MG, Falcón AL, Castro HM, Ferraris A, Cantarella RF, Staneloni MI, et al. Thrombotic events following Covid-19 vaccines compared to Influenza vaccines. Eur J Intern Med. 2022.
Ishizu A, Fukaya S, Tomaru U, Katsumata K, Suzuki A, Umemoto Y, et al. Acute renal failure due to thrombotic microangiopathy in patient with scleroderma: autopsy case report. Ann Vasc Dis. 2012;5:458–61.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gallan AJ, Chang A. A new paradigm for renal thrombotic microangiopathy. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2020;37:121–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yamada R, Nemoto T, Ohashi K, Tonooka A, Horiguchi S ichiro, Motoi T, et al. Distribution of transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) and comparison between renal TA-TMA and intestinal TA-TMA: autopsy study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2020;26:178–88.
Siami K, Kojouri K, Swisher KK, Selby GB, George JN, Laszik ZG. Thrombotic microangiopathy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: An autopsy study. Transplantation. 2008;85:22–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goyama S, Takeuchi K, Kanda Y, Nannya Y, Chiba S, Fukayama M, et al. Post-transplant endothelial disorder after hematopoietic SCT: A blinded autopsy study. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2012;47:1243–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsokos M, Longauer F, Kardosová V, Gavel A, Anders S, Schulz F. Maternal death in pregnancy from HELLP syndrome. A report of three medico-legal autopsy cases with special reference to distinctive histopathological alterations. Int J Legal Med. 2002;116:50–3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zununi Vahed S, Rahbar Saadat Y, Ardalan M. Thrombotic microangiopathy during pregnancy. Microvasc Res. 2021;138:104226.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsokos M. Pathological features of maternal death from HELLP syndrome. In: Tsokos M, editor. Forensic Pathology Reviews. Totowa: Humana Press; 2004. pp. 275–90.
Chapter
Google Scholar