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Table 1 Clinical characteristics and laboratory data of the study population

From: Serum interleukin 1β and sP-selectin as biomarkers of inflammation and thrombosis, could they be predictors of disease severity in COVID 19 Egyptian patients? (a cross-sectional study)

 

All patients No. = 89

Non-Severe No. = 45

Severe No. = 44

P-value

Age (mean ± SD)

61.3 ± 10

54.7 ± 8.3

68 ± 6.5

<  0.001

Gender (No., %)

Male

37(41.6%)

15(33.3)

22(50)

0.11

Female

52(58.4%)

30(66.7)

22(50)

Comorbidities (No., %)

Diabetes

30 (33.7%)

2(4.4)

28(63.6)

<  0.001

Hypertension

36(40.4%)

4(8.9)

32(72.7)

<  0.001

Chronic pulmonary disease*

2(2.2%)

1(2.2)

1(2.3)

1

Chronic liver disease

2(2.2%)

2(4.5)

0(0)

0.24

Chronic kidney disease

1(1.1%)

1(2.2)

0(0)

0.49

Ischemic Heart disease

4(4.5%)

3(6.8)

1(2.3)

0.36

Thyroid diseases

3(3.4%)

2(4.5)

1(2.3)

0.61

Cancer

2(2.2%)

2(4.5)

0(0)

0.242

Thrombotic events (No., %)

Venous (DVT)

9 (10.1%)

0(0)

9(20.5)

0.001

Arterial (PE)

14 (15.7%)

1(2.2)

13(29.5)

<  0.001

Method of diagnosis (No., %)

Duplex

7(7.9%)

0(0)

7(16)

1

CTPA

14(15.7)

1(2.2)

13(29.5)

Both

2(2.2)

0(0)

2(4.5)

Received anticoagulation (No., %)

55(61.8%)

11(24.4)

44(100)

<  0.001

Anticoagulation type (No., %)

LMWH

37 (41.6%)

0(0)

37(84.1%)

<  0.001

DNOA

18 (20.2%)

11(24.4)

7(15.9%)

Laboratory investigations (mean ± SD)

Hemoglobin (gm/dl)

12.5 ± 1.6

13.8 ± 2.2

16.6 ± 3

<  0.001

Total leucocytic count (/cmm)

6.9 ± 3.1

7.5 ± 3.2

6.2 ± 2.8

0.007

Platelets (/ μL)

252 ± 51

250 ± 66

254.7 ± 29.5

0.66

Lymphocytes %

27.2 ± 10.5

31 ± 11

23 ± 8

0.001

Neutrophil %

57 ± 11.4

60.5 ± 12.5

53.4 ± 9

0.003

AST (U/L)

29.8 ± 12.4

29 ± 4.8

30.5 ± 17

0.05

ALT (U/L)

27.5 ± 9.5

26.6 ± 4.1

28.3 ± 12.8

0.35

CRP (mg/L) (median-IQR)

21(1.5–120)

5(1.5–78)

33(17–120)

<  0.001

D dimer (μg/mL) (median-IQR)

0.6(0.1–2.4)

0.4 (0.1–1.7)

0.8(0.3–2.4)

< 0.001

Ferritin (ng/mL)

278 (11–1498)

85(11–900)

645(178–1498)

< 0.001

LDH (U/L)

336 ± 156

269 ± 57

404 ± 193

<  0.001

IL-1β (pg/ml)

15.2 ± 2.9

13.8 ± 2.1

16.6 ± 2.9

<  0.001

sP- selectin (ng/ml)

15 ± 3.2

13 ± 1.8

17 ± 2.8

<  0.001

  1. Abbreviations: * COPD patient, DVT deep venous thrombosis, PE pulmonary embolism, CTPA CT pulmonary angiogram, AST Aspartate Transaminase, ALT Alanine Transaminase, CRP C-Reactive Protein, LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase, IL-1β Interleukin 1 beta, DNOC Direct New Oral Anticoagulants, LMWH Low Molecular Weight Heparin