Table 1 Sex-specific characteristics given as means ± SD or n (%) for participants with and without hypertension
| Â | Â | MEN | Â | WOMEN | Â | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  |  | HTN yes, n = 211 | HTN no, n = 165 | p-value | HTN yes, n = 170 | HTN no, n = 257 | p-value |
Blood pressure systolic | mmHg | 136.0 (16.4) | 122.8 (9.7) |  < 0.0001 | 128.0 (19.8) | 115.1 (11.4) |  < 0.0001 |
Blood pressure diastolic | mmHg | 78.9 (10.3) | 74.0 (7.3) |  < 0.0001 | 75.1 (10.2) | 70.1 (8.1) |  < 0.0001 |
Pulse pressure | mmHg | 57.1 (12.7) | 48.8 (7.6) |  < 0.0001 | 52.9 (13.6) | 45.1 (7.9) |  < 0.0001 |
Age | years | 64.1 (5.6) | 61.8 (5.8) |  < 0.0001 | 65.1 (5.1) | 61.8 (5.4) |  < 0.0001 |
BMI | kg/m2 | 29.9 (5.6) | 27.2 (3.5) |  < 0.0001 | 29.6 (5.7) | 26.1 (4.6) |  < 0.0001 |
Education | education ≤ 10 yrs | 70 (33.2) | 47 (28.5) | 0.370 | 89 (52.4) | 82 (31.9) |  < 0.0001 |
education > 10 yrs | 141 (66.8) | 118 (71.5) |  | 81 (47.6) | 175 (68.1) |  | |
Diabetes | yes | 27 (12.8) | 8 (4.8) | 0.011 | 25 (14.8) | 8 (3.1) |  < 0.0001 |
no | 184 (87.2) | 157 (95.2) | Â | 144 (85.2) | 248 (96.9) | Â | |
Leisure time physical activity | yes | 150 (71.1) | 111 (67.3) | 0.432 | 114 (67.1) | 190 (73.9) | 0.128 |
no | 61 (28.9) | 54 (32.7) | Â | 56 (32.9) | 67 (26.1) | Â | |
Smoking | Smoker | 30 (14.2) | 26 (15.8) | 0.437 | 22 (12.9) | 32 (12.5) | 0.878 |
Ex smoker | 114 (54.0) | 78 (47.3) | Â | 67 (39.4) | 96 (37.4) | Â | |
Never smoker | 67 (31.8) | 61 (37.0) | Â | 81 (47.6) | 129 (50.2) | Â | |
Alcohol consumption | low risk | 161 (76.3) | 134 (81.7) | 0.253 | 99 (58.2) | 147 (57.2) | 0.842 |
risky | 50 (23.7) | 30 (18.3) | Â | 71 (41.8) | 110 (42.8) | Â | |
Drugs acting on blood pressure | yes | 160 (75.8) | 8 (4.8) |  < 0.0001 | 153 (90.0) | 11 (4.3) |  < 0.0001 |
no | 51 (24.2) | 157 (95.2) | Â | 17 (10.0) | 245 (95.3) | Â | |
Anticoagulative medication | yes | 15 (7.1) | 6 (3.6) | 0.177 | 5 (2.9) | 1 (0.4) | 0.039 |
no | 196 (92.9) | 159 (96.4) | Â | 165 (97.1) | 255 (99.2) | Â | |
Total cholesterol | normal ≤ 200 mg/dl | 113 (53.8) | 77 (46.7) | 0.212 | 67 (39.4) | 65 (25.3) | 0.003 |
high > 200 mg/dl | 98 (46.4) | 88 (53.5) |  | 103 (60.6) | 192 (74.7) |  | |
HDL cholesterol | low ≤ 45 mg/dl | 69 (32.7) | 41 (24.8) | 0.110 | 19 (11.2) | 7 (2.7) | 0.001 |
normal > 45 mg/dl | 142 (67.3) | 124 (75.2) |  | 151 (88.8) | 250 (97.3) |  | |
non-HDL cholesterol | normal ≤ 130 mg/dl | 89 (42.2) | 56 (33.9) | 0.110 | 55 (32.4) | 82 (31.9) | 1.000 |
high > 130 mg/dl | 122 (57.8) | 109 (66.1) |  | 115 (67.6) | 175 (68.1) |  | |