Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 803 patients with APE
Characteristics | Patients with hypocalcemia (serum calcium level ≤ 2.12 mmol/L, n = 338) | Patients without hypocalcemia (serum calcium level > 2.12 mmol/L, n = 465) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age(years) | 60.16 ± 17.63 | 58.65 ± 15.92 | 0.213 |
Male sex | 222(65.7) | 255(54.8) | 0.002 |
Smoking status | 0.044 | ||
Smoker/ever smoker | 110(32.5) | 121(26.0) | |
Non-smoker | 228(67.5) | 344(74.0) | |
Symptoms on admission | |||
Dyspnea | 243(72.3) | 309(67.0) | 0.110 |
Chest pain | 108(32.0) | 160(34.6) | 0.428 |
Hemoptysis | 86(25.4) | 114(24.7) | 0.804 |
Syncope | 39(11.5) | 59(12.7) | 0.607 |
Leg pain or swelling | 119(35.2) | 137(29.5) | 0.088 |
Physical examination findings | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.00 ± 20.82 | 125.42 ± 20.48 | 0.021 |
Pulse rate (b.p.m) | 92.20 ± 17.64 | 85.97 ± 16.28 | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate (/min) | 21.33 ± 3.57 | 20.55 ± 2.48 | 0.001 |
Temperature ( °C) | 36.72 ± 0.63 | 36.56 ± 0.46 | < 0.001 |
Predisposing or comorbid condition | |||
Chronic pulmonary disease | 119(35.2) | 135(29.0) | 0.063 |
Active Cancer | 55(16.3) | 117(25.2) | 0.002 |
Hypertension | 82(24.3) | 123(26.5) | 0.482 |
Pulmonary tuberculosis | 21(6.2) | 22(4.7) | 0.361 |
Diabetes | 29(8.6) | 37(9.6) | 0.694 |
Coronary heart disease | 12(3.6) | 37(8.0) | 0.010 |
Chronic renal insufficiency | 15(4.4) | 16(3.4) | 0.473 |
PESI | |||
I-II | 138(40.8) | 245(52.7) | 0.001 |
III | 93(27.5) | 125(26.9) | 0.842 |
IV-V | 107(31.7) | 95(20.4) | < 0.001 |
sPESI | 0.017 | ||
High risk | 296(87.6) | 378(81.3) | |
Low risk | 42(12.4) | 87(18.7) | |
Laboratory and radiologic findings | |||
Elevated cTnT | 133(39.3) | 165(35.5) | 0.263 |
Elevated NT-pro BNP | 178(52.7) | 199(42.8) | 0.006 |
Right ventricle dilation on CT | 110(48.5) | 132(38.8) | 0.023 |
Pleural effusion | 244(72.6) | 257(55.4) | < 0.001 |
Clinical outcome | |||
In-hospital mortality | 36(10.7) | 25(5.4) | 0.005 |
In-hospital APE-related mortality | 15(4.4) | 10(2.2) | 0.065 |
ICU admission | 20(5.9) | 19(4.1) | 0.233 |
Systemic thrombolysis | 5(1.5) | 5(1.1) | 0.750 |
Respiratory failure | 85(25.1) | 70(15.1) | < 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation | 24(7.1) | 18(3.9) | 0.042 |
Length of hospital stay, days | 15(9–23) | 14(9–22) | 0.516 |
720-day mortality | 83(24.6) | 84(18.1) | 0.025 |