Table 1 Baseline study population characteristics

Demographic

 Age, yrs

62.9 ± 11.5

66.7 ± 12.2

62.7 ± 13.8

0.010

 Male, n (%)

41(45.6)

80(34.3)

30(45.5)

0.086

 Smoking, n (%)

33(36.7)

33(14.2)

13(19.7)

 < 0.001

 Drinking, n (%)

28(31.1)

14(6.0)

9(13.6)

 < 0.001

Clinical

 Hypertension, n (%)

61(67.8)

143(61.4)

37(56.1)

0.317

 Diabetes, n (%)

25(27.8)

35(15.0)

11(16.9)

0.027

 Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

60(66.7)

116(49.8)

37(56.1)

0.023

 CAD, n (%)

62(68.9)

74(31.8)

18(27.3)

 < 0.001

 SBP, mmHg

131.8 ± 20.1

131.7 ± 22.9

115.8 ± 21.4

 < 0.001

 Heart rate, beats/min

71.4.0 ± 13.2

81.7 ± 17.7

95.2 ± 20.2

 < 0.001

 Right ventricular diameter, mm

22.5 ± 4.0

25.6 ± 6.0

28.0 ± 5.5

 < 0.001

 LVEF, %

61.3 ± 9.2

60.6 ± 8.5

59.7 ± 7.8

0.514

 RV/LV

0.45(0.42, 0.50)

0.51(0.46, 0.66)

0.63(0.53, 0.75)

 < 0.001

 PAOI (%)

0(0, 0)

47.5(25.0, 67.5)

70.0(60.0, 75.0)

 < 0.001

Laboratory

 TC, mmol/L

4.0 ± 1.0

4.3 ± 1.0

4.4 ± 1.1

0.018

 TG, mmol/L

1.4(1.1, 2.0)

1.4(1.1, 1.8)

1.4(1.1, 2.0)

0.471

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.3(1.8, 2.9)

2.7(2.2, 3.2)

2.8(2.2, 3.4)

 < 0.001

 HsCRP, mg/L

2.1(1.1, 3.6)

6.2(3.0, 10.9)

11.1(5.6, 12.8)

 < 0.001

 Creatinine, µmol/L

79.1 ± 24.0

79.4 ± 20.6

80.6 ± 19.4

0.904

 AST, U/L

20.0(16.0, 25.0)

23.0(18.0, 32.0)

22.0(16.0, 36.2)

0.005

 ALT, U/L

21.0(14.0, 31.0)

21.0(13.0, 37.0)

28.0(17.8, 43.2)

0.052

 WBC, 10⁹ cells/L

5.9(5.2, 7.6)

7.6(6.3, 9.2)

10.0(8.4, 11.9)

 < 0.001

 Percentage of neutrophils, %

61.0 ± 7.3

68.4 ± 10.1

73.1 ± 9.3

 < 0.001

 Neutrophils, 10⁹ cells/L

3.7(2.9, 4.8)

5.1(3.9, 6.6)

7.2(6.1, 9.1)

 < 0.001

 Percentage of lymphocytes, %

28.5(25.5, 33.3)

22.2(16.9, 29.1)

17.8(13.8, 23.4)

 < 0.001

 Lymphocytes, 10⁹ cells/L

1.8(1.5, 2.2)

1.6(1.3, 2.1)

1.9(1.4, 2.2)

0.090

 Monocytes, 10⁹ cells/L

0.4(0.3, 0.5)

0.4(0.3, 0.6)

0.5(0.4, 0.7)

 < 0.001

 PLT, 10⁹/L

208.0(174.8, 258.5)

206.0(158.5, 243.0)

201.0(168.5, 256.8)

0.617

 NLR

2.1(1.7, 2.6)

3.1(2.2, 4.5)

4.2(2.7, 5.8)

 < 0.001

 PLR

118.1(92.4, 146.3)

119.4(90.2, 166.1)

124.2(90.2, 143.3)

0.692

 HGB, g/L

137.3 ± 18.6

134.5 ± 17.8

138.2 ± 19.3

0.236

 RDW, %

13.0(12.3, 13.4)

13.1(12.4, 14.0)

13.0(12.5, 13.9)

0.115

 D-dimer, ng/mL

0.9(0.5, 1.2)

3.1(1.7, 6.1)

5.9(2.7, 8.6)

 < 0.001

 NT-proBNP, pg/mL

139.0(88.9, 294.9)

533.8(144.7, 1268.05)

2093.9(787.8, 3386.3)

 < 0.001

Medications

 Statins, n (%)

60(66.7)

49(21.0)

15(22.7)

 < 0.001

 Aspirin, n (%)

53(58.9)

34(14.6)

9(13.6)

 < 0.001

 ARB/ACEI, n (%)

42(46.7)

57(24.5)

12(18.2)

 < 0.001

 β-blocker, n (%)

52(57.8)

49(21.0)

13(19.7)

 < 0.001

 Calcium Antagonists, n (%)

36(40.0)

45(19.3)

15(22.7)

0.001

 Diuretics, n (%)

16(19.3)

21(9.0)

7(10.6)

0.082