Table 1 The characteristics of the involved studies
Author, year | Design (database) | VTE cases, n. | Controls, n. | Blood indexes measured time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Part I | ||||
Tsai, 2002 | Cross-sectional study (CHS and ARIC) | General populations with PE/DVT (159) | General populations without PE/DVT (19,078) | Blood samples were collected at baseline and participants were followed up to 7.8 years (median) for VTE occurrence. |
Zacho, 2010 | One prospective and one cross-sectional study (CCHS and CGPS) | General populations with PE/DVT (335) | General populations without PE/DVT (7938) | CCHS: CRP levels were measured in participants at the 1991 to 1994 examination and subsequently followed up to 16 years for VTE occurrence. CGPS: CRP levels were detected in participants from 1976 to 2007 irrespective of whether the VTE occurred before or after the CRP measurement. |
Olson, 2014 | Prospective longitudinal cohort study (REGARDS) | General populations with PE/DVT (268) | General populations without PE/DVT (27,539) | Blood samples were collected at baseline and participants were followed up to 4.9 years for VTE occurrence. |
Folsom, 2018 | Cross-sectional study (ARIC) | General populations with PE/DVT (527) | General populations without PE/DVT (9317) | Blood samples were collected at baseline and the VTE follow-up was over a median 17.6 years |
Part II | ||||
Vormittag, 2005 | Retrospective case-control study | Patients with unprovoked PE/DVT (214) | Healthy individuals (104) | Blood samples were collected at study inclusion, and patients were enrolled in the study at least three months after VTE. |
Luxembourg, 2009 | Retrospective case-control study (MAISTHRO) | Patients with unprovoked PE/DVT (101) | Healthy individuals (202) | The temporal distance range between VTE confirmation and the blood sample collect was 3 months to 5.5 years. |
Matos, 2011 | Retrospective case-control study | Patients with VTE and treated with oral anticoagulant for at least 6 months* (119) | Healthy individuals (126) | Blood sample collection took place at least 1 month after the discontinuation of oral anticoagulant and > 7 months after the event of VTE. |
Poredos, 2011 | Retrospective case-control study | Patients with unprovoked DVT (49) | Healthy individuals (48) | Blood samples were collected 2–4 months after DVT diagnosis. |
Rattazzi, 2013 | Retrospective case-control study | Inpatients with previous PE/DVT (240) | Cases without previous PE/DVT (240) | The blood sample collection was made up 68.3(range 4−156) months after VTE event. |
Yang, 2015 | Retrospective case-control study | Patients with solid tumor and PE/DVT (76) | Patients with solid tumor but without PE/DVT (97) | Blood samples were obtained no more than 2-month after VTE diagnosis. |
Artoni, 2018 | Retrospective case-control study | Patients with VTE* (586) | Patients’ partners without VTE (299) | All samples were collected at least 3 months after VTE occurrences. |
Part III | ||||
Lowe, 2000# | Retrospective case-control | Women with unprovoked VTE# (49) | Women without VTE (100) | NA |
Reiter, 2003 | Prospective pilot | Patients with DVT (37) | Patients without DVT (63) | Blood samples and duplex sonography were made at admission. |
Zakai, 2004 | Retrospective case-control | Patients with PE/DVT after diagnosis of general medicine, nephrology, oncology and cardiology (65) | Patients without PE/DVT (123) | Blood sample collection and VTE diagnosis took place during hospitalization |
Ramacciotti, 2011 | Retrospective case-control | Patients with acute DVT (62) | Patients without DVT (116), healthy individuals (30) | Blood samples were obtained before anticoagulant therapy was initiated when DVT was diagnosed. |
KAMIÅžLI, 2012 | Retrospective case-control | Patients with CVT (35) | Healthy individuals (27) | Blood samples were obtained before CVT diagnosis |
Zakai, 2013 | Retrospective case-control (MITH) | Inpatients with PE/DVT after diagnosis of general medicine, nephrology, oncology and cardiology (299) | Inpatients without VTE (601) | Blood samples were collected at admission, and VTE was confirmed in hospitalization. |
Bakirci, 2015 | Retrospective case-control | Inpatients with PE/DVT (77) | Healthy individuals (34) | Blood samples were drawn at the first day of VTE diagnosis. |
Kurtipek, 2015 | Retrospective case-control | Patients with acute PE (71) | Healthy individuals (77) | Blood samples were drawn and definite diagnosis of acute PTE was confirmed during hospitalization. |
Zhou, 2015# | Retrospective case-control | Inpatients with PE/DVT (68) | Healthy individuals (82) | NA |
Akboga, 2017# | Retrospective case-control | Patients with CVT (80) | Individuals without CVT (197) | Blood samples were collected at admission and the time of CVT diagnosis was unknown. |
Ming, 2018 | Retrospective case-control | Patients with unprovoked acute DVT (115) | Healthy individuals (105) | DVT was newly diagnosed and blood samples were collected at admission. |
Wang 2018 | Retrospective case-control | Inpatients with CVT (95) | Inpatients without CVT (41) | CVT was newly diagnosed and blood samples were obtained at admission. |
Farah, 2019 | Retrospective case-control | Inpatients with PE/DVT (272) | Inpatients without PE/DVT (55) | Blood samples and duplex sonography were made at hospitalization. |
TekeÅŸin, 2019 | Prospective case-control | Inpatients with CVT (36) | General populations without CVT (40) | Blood sample collection and VTE diagnosis took place at admission |