Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients stratified by baseline symptoms

Age (years)

66 ± 15

65 ± 14

66 ± 15

0.32

70 ± 15

72 ± 12

69 ± 16

0.017

 ≥ 75 years

137 (32.7%)

58 (29.4%)

79 (35.6%)

0.21

253 (42.4%)

88 (43.3%)

165 (41.9%)

0.79

Female sex

220 (52.5%)

94 (47.7%)

126 (56.8%)

0.08

379 (63.5%)

151 (74.4%)

228 (57.9%)

< 0.001

Body weight (kg)

63.0 ± 14.9

62.7 ± 13.8

63.3 ± 15.9

0.69

58.3 ± 12.9

55.5 ± 11.7

59.9 ± 13.5

< 0.001

 < 50 kg

80 (19.1%)

33 (16.8%)

47 (21.2%)

0.26

142 (23.8%)

63 (31.0%)

79 (20.1%)

0.003

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.2 ± 4.4

23.8 ± 3.9

24.5 ± 4.8

0.09

23.5 ± 4.0

23.1 ± 3.9

23.8 ± 4.1

0.05

Heart rate (beats per minute)

87.9 ± 19.4

81.0 ± 14.8

93.9 ± 20.9

< 0.001

78.3 ± 13.5

77.3 ± 13.6

79.0 ± 13.5

0.21

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

129.9 ± 23.5

129.8 ± 19.8

130.0 ± 26.3

0.93

128.8 ± 18.1

126.5 ± 15.7

130.1 ± 19.3

0.036

SpO₂ (%)

95 ± 5

97 ± 2

94 ± 6

< 0.001

97 ± 2

97 ± 2

97 ± 2

0.26

Outpatient

112 (26.7%)

62 (31.5%)

50 (22.5%)

0.046

310 (51.9%)

57 (28.1%)

253 (64.2%)

< 0.001

CrCL (mL/minute)

82.1 ± 37.6

84.5 ± 33.7

79.9 ± 40.6

0.21

77.2 ± 35.0

74.0 ± 29.2

79.0 ± 37.8

0.045

 <50 mL/minute

71 (16.9%)

29 (14.7%)

42 (18.9%)

0.30

199 (33.3%)

69 (34.0%)

130 (33.0%)

0.74

D-dimer (µg/mL)

10.0 (5.5–19.0)

9.3 (5.3–17.5)

10.7 (5.7–19.9)

0.13

7.6 (3.5–15.1)

7.9 (3.5–14.2)

7.6 (3.4–16.2)

0.84

Medical history

 Hypertension

171 (40.8%)

71 (36.0%)

98 (44.1%)

0.11

211 (35.3%)

69 (34.0%)

142 (36.0%)

0.65

 Diabetes mellitus

54 (12.9%)

27 (13.7%)

27 (12.2%)

0.66

64 (10.7%)

28 (13.8%)

36 (9.1%)

0.09

 Heart failure

18 (4.3%)

3 (1.5%)

15 (6.8%)

0.008

16 (2.7%)

7 (3.4%)

9 (2.3%)

0.43

 Atrial fibrillation

16 (3.8%)

5 (2.5%)

11 (5.0%)

0.21

10 (1.7%)

6 (3.0%)

4 (1.0%)

0.10

 Coronary artery disease

19 (4.5%)

5 (2.5%)

14 (6.3%)

0.10

26 (4.4%)

9 (4.4%)

17 (4.3%)

1.00

 Chronic heart and lung disease

27 (6.4%)

7 (3.6%)

20 (9.0%)

0.028

20 (3.4%)

9 (4.4%)

11 (2.8%)

0.34

 Previous stroke

28 (6.7%)

13 (6.6%)

15 (6.8%)

1.00

45 (7.5%)

16 (7.9%)

29 (7.4%)

0.87

 Previous atrial fibrillation

8 (1.9%)

2 (1.0%)

6 (2.7%)

0.29

15 (2.5%)

7 (3.4%)

8 (2.0%)

0.41

Risk factor

 Active cancer

88 (21.0%)

54 (27.4%)

34 (15.3%)

0.003

105 (17.6%)

55 (27.1%)

50 (12.7%)

< 0.001

 Recent surgery

78 (18.6%)

48 (24.4%)

30 (13.5%)

0.006

182 (30.5%)

113 (55.7%)

69 (17.5%)

< 0.001

 Recent injury

31 (7.4%)

14 (7.1%)

17 (7.7%)

0.85

62 (10.4%)

33 (16.3%)

29 (7.4%)

0.001

 Inactivity

130 (31.0%)

64 (32.5%)

66 (29.7%)

0.60

237 (39.7%)

119 (58.6%)

118 (29.9%)

< 0.001

 Thrombophilia

21 (5.0%)

10 (5.1%)

11 (5.0%)

1.00

17 (2.8%)

4 (2.0%)

13 (3.3%)

0.44

 Previous VTE

28 (6.7%)

13 (6.6%)

15 (6.8%)

1.00

55 (9.2%)

16 (7.9%)

39 (9.9%)

0.46

Concomitant medications

 Antiplatelet agents

38 (9.1%)

18 (9.1%)

20 (9.0%)

1.00

66 (11.1%)

28 (13.8%)

38 (9.6%)

0.13

 Estrogen preparations

7 (1.7%)

3 (1.5%)

4 (1.8%)

1.00

16 (2.7%)

1 (0.5%)

15 (3.8%)

0.016

 Anticancer agents

43 (10.3%)

20 (10.2%)

23 (10.4%)

1.00

45 (7.5%)

21 (10.3%)

24 (6.1%)

0.07

 NSAIDs

61 (14.6%)

38 (19.3%)

23 (10.4%)

0.012

135 (22.6%)

72 (35.5%)

63 (16.0%)

< 0.001

 DVT

320 (76.4%)

164 (83.2%)

156 (70.3%)

0.002

 Proximal

235 (56.1%)

133 (67.5%)

102 (45.9%)

< 0.001

294 (49.3%)

53 (26.1%)

241 (61.2%)

< 0.001

 Distal

85 (20.3%)

31 (15.7%)

54 (24.3%)

0.038

303 (50.8%)

150 (73.9%)

153 (38.8%)

< 0.001

 Localization of right DVT

196 (46.8%)

97 (49.2%)

99 (44.6%)

0.38

332 (55.6%)

137 (67.5%)

195(49.5%)

< 0.001

 Localization of left DVT

194 (46.3%)

97 (49.2%)

97 (43.7%)

0.28

402 (67.3%)

124 (61.1%)

278 (70.6%)

0.021

 Localization of both DVT

70 (16.7%)

30 (15.2%)

40 (18.0%)

0.51

137 (22.9%)

58 (28.6%)

79 (20.1%)

0.024

 Asymptomatic DVT

205 (48.9%)

125 (63.5%)

80 (36.0%)

< 0.001

PE

 Cardiac arrest or Collapse or Massive

23 (5.5%)

0 (0.0%)

23 (10.4%)

< 0.001

 Sub-massive or Non-massive

371 (88.5%)

175 (88.8%)

196 (88.3%)

0.88

 Non-massive

248 (59.2%)

162 (82.2%)

86 (38.7%)

< 0.001

 Severer than Sub-massive

146 (34.8%)

13 (6.6%)

133 (59.9%)

< 0.001

RV pressure indexes

 Mean RV diameter (mm)

36.1 ± 9.4

32.6 ± 6.3

38.5 ± 10.4

< 0.001

 RV/LV diameter ratio

0.96 ± 0.36

0.81 ± 0.21

1.06 ± 0.41

< 0.001

Prior treatment

 Anticoagulation therapy

171 (40.8%)

59 (29.9%)

112 (50.5%)

< 0.001

93 (15.6%)

24 (11.8%)

69 (17.5%)

0.07

 Inferior vena cava filter

40 (9.5%)

23 (11.7%)

17 (7.7%)

0.18

47 (7.9%)

6 (3.0%)

41 (10.4%)

0.001

 Thrombolytic therapy

33 (7.9%)

11 (5.6%)

22 (9.9%)

0.10

14 (2.3%)

0 (0.0%)

14 (3.6%)

0.004

 Catheterization

4 (1.0%)

2 (1.0%)

2 (0.9%)

1.00

8 (1.3%)

0 (0.0%)

8 (2.0%)

0.06

 Pulmonary thrombus removal

1 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.5%)

1.00

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

-

 PCPS

3 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (1.4%)

0.25

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

-

 Others

14 (3.3%)

5 (2.5%)

9 (4.1%)

0.43

12 (2.0%)

2 (1.0%)

10 (2.5%)

0.36

Initial rivaroxaban treatment

 DOSE (mg/day)

0.37

0.004

 30 mg/day

341 (81.4%)

154 (78.2%)

187 (84.2%)

326 (54.6%)

90 (44.3%)

236 (59.9%)

 20 mg/day

6 (1.4%)

4 (2.0%)

2 (0.9%)

16 (2.7%)

7 (3.4%)

9 (2.3%)

 15 mg/day

64 (15.3%)

34 (17.3%)

30 (13.5%)

218 (36.5%)

92 (45.3%)

126 (32.0%)

 10 mg/day

8 (1.9%)

5 (2.5%)

3 (1.4%)

37 (6.2%)

14 (6.9%)

23 (5.8%)

Treatment duration, days

 Median (IQR)

388 (176–643)

442 (183–661)

361 (165–630)

0.08

282 (106–619)

106 (68–259)

338 (111–637)

< 0.001