Table 3 Results of traditional meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses of time in the therapeutic range
| Â | Â | Time spent in therapeutic range | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Study-level factors | No. (%) | Unadjusted pooled mean upon subgroup analysis, % (95% CI) | Adjusted difference, % (95% CI) | p-v alue |
All study groups | 78 (100) | 61 (59 to 62) | NA | NA |
Study setting | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  AC Clinic | 25 (32.1) | 64 (62 to 66) | 7.2 (3.2 to 11.2) | <0.001 |
  RCT | 26 (33.3) | 63 (61 to 65) | 9.1 (4.3 to 13.9) | <0.001 |
  Community | 27 (34.6) | 55 (52 to 59) | Referent |  |
Study year | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  1990-2000 | 10 (12.8) | 53 (46 to 61) | −4.3 (−10.2 to 1.6) | 0.16 |
  2001-2007 | 34 (43.6) | 64 (62 to 65) | 2.2 (−1.7 to 6.1) | 0.28 |
  2008-2013 | 34 (43.6) | 60 (57 to 63) | Referent | |
Interpolation method | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  NR/Other | 11 (14.1) | 63 (60 to 65) | −2.1 (−6.8 to 2.6) | 0.38 |
  Linear | 67 (85.9) | 60 (59 to 62) | Referent |  |
Self-management | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  No | 77 (98.7) | 60 (58 to 62) | −6.8 (−23.7 to 10.1) | 0.43 |
  Yes | 1 (1.3) | 72 (68 to 77) | Referent |  |
Geographic region | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Europe/UK | 35 (44.9) | 67 (64 to 69) | 9.7 (6.0 to 13.4) | <0.001 |
  Asia | 3 (3.8) | 47 (44 to 49) | −5.5 (−14.7 to 3.7) | 0.24 |
  Other | 1 (1.3) | 49 (46 to 52) | −3.0 (−16.1 to 10.1) | 0.65 |
  Multinational | 13 (16.7) | 61 (57 to 65) | 1.8 (−4.1 to 7.7) | 0.55 |
  North America | 26 (33.3) | 55 (50 to 60) | Referent |  |
VKA experience | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  NR/Mixed | 21 (26.9) | 54 (49 to 60) | −4.6 (−8.3 to −0.9) | 0.02 |
  No | 17 (21.8) | 63 (60 to 66) | −5.3 (−9.6 to −1.0) | 0.02 |
  Yes | 40 (51.3) | 63 (60 to 66) | Referent |  |
Duration of VKA treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  ≥1 year | 59 (75.6) | 62 (60 to 63) | 2.7 (−1.7 to 7.1) | 0.23 |
  <1 year | 19 (24.4) | 58 (52 to 65) | Referent |  |