Table 1 Summary of the study population characteristics (n = 25) at baseline and recall (12 weeks post-therapy)

Age

44.7 ± 9.3

-

-

Gender (male/female)

11/14

-

-

Ethnicity (Caucasian/non-Caucasian)

21/4

-

-

Smoking (current/former/never)

14/5/6

8/11/6

-

Packyears

16.5 ± 13.8

-

-

BMI (kg/m²)

25.0 ± 5.1

25.3 ± 5.2

NS

Waist circumference (cm)

95.6 ± 17.2

94.8 ± 16.9

NS

Systolic

124.8 ± 19.4

127.2 ± 16.1

NS

Diastolic

76.1 ± 13.4

77.2 ± 11.9

NS

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.2 ± 0.8

4.9 ± 0.9

NS

HDL (mmol/L)

1.5 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.5

NS

LDL (mmol/L)

3.2 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.7

P = 0.03

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.2 ± 1.0

1.4 ± 1.1

NS

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

2.1 ± 2.8

2.0 ± 3.9

NS

Fibrinogen (g/L)

2.9 ± 0.6

2.8 ± 0.6

NS

Leukocyte counts (× 10⁹/L)

6.7 ± 2.0

6.6 ± 2.2

NS

Neutrophils

3.9 ± 1.6

3.8 ± 1.9

NS

Lymphocyte counts

2.0 ± 0.6

2.2 ± 1.1

NS

Platelet counts (× 10³)

250.4 ± 66.1

246.6 ± 56.6

NS

Number of teeth

27.6 ± 2.6

27.4 ± 2.6

NS

#teeth with > 50% bone loss

4.4 ± 3.1

4.1 ± 3.1

NS

Sites with plaque (%)

74.6 ± 20.0

19.0 ± 13.0

P < 0.001

Sites with bleeding on probing

65.9 ± 15.0

18.7 ± 9.1

P < 0.001

Probing Pocket Depth (mm)

4.0 ± 0.6

2.9 ± 0.4

P < 0.001

Pockets ≥ 5 mm (%)

32.4 ± 14.5

11.7 ± 9.0

P < 0.001

Clinical Attachment Level (mm)

4.3 ± 0.9

3.6 ± 0.8

P < 0.001