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Table 2 Description of the thrombotic and bleeding cases

From: Low incidence of venous thrombosis but high incidence of arterial thrombotic complications among critically ill COVID-19 patients in Singapore

Type of event

Number of cases

Details

Pulmonary embolism (PE) only

4

4 cases of PE diagnosed on CTPA

PE and proximal lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

1

1 case had both PE and DVT

Proximal lower limb DVT only

1

1 case had both proximal lower limb DVT

Other venous thromboembolism sites

1

1 case had line related upper limb DVT

Myocardial infarction (MI) only

11

11 cases had MI

MI and ischaemic stroke

1

1 case had both MI and ischaemic stroke

Ischaemic stroke

1

1 case had ischaemic stroke

Bleeding (Major)

16

1 Intracranial haemorrhage – while on IV prophylactic heparin for CVA

 

2 cases of intracranial haemorrhage – while on ECMO with IV unfractionated Heparin

 

1 PR bleeding from haemorrhoids/anal fissures – while on therapeutic LMWH for PE

 

1 PR bleeding from haemorrhoids – while on prophylactic LMWH

 

1 PR bleed from haemorrhoids – not on anticoagulation

 

1 Severe gastritis with melena – while on S/C therapeutic LMWH for DVT

 

1 Recurrent Forrest 2C ulcer bleed – while on S/C therapeutic LMWH for DVT

 

1 Stress gastropathy with nasogastric tube erosion and worsening anaemia – not on anticoagulation

 

1 Coffee ground NG aspirate related to celecoxib use

 

1 Coffee ground NG aspirate – not on any anticoagulation

 

1 Gastrointestinal bleed – not on any anticoagulation

 

1 Haemorrhagic encephalitis and PR bleed – while on prophylactic LMWH

 

1 Haemoptysis – while on prophylactic LMWH

 

1 Bloody trachea aspirates – while on IV unfractionated Heparin for STEMI

 

1 Bleeding from lines – while on IV unfractionated Heparin for IVC thrombosis

Bleeding (Minor)

4

2 cases of blood stained sputum – while on prophylactic LMWH

 

1 Mild haematuria after urinary catheter insertion – while on apixaban prophylaxis

 

1 Mild bleeding from central venous catheter – while on prophylactic LMWH

  1. Acute pulmonary embolism was diagnosed with CT-pulmonary angiography, deep vein thrombosis/upper extremity vein thrombosis was diagnosed with ultrasonography, strokes were diagnosed with CT
  2. CT computed topography, ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, IV intravenous, LMWH Low molecular weight heparin, NG Aspirate Nasogastric aspirate, S/C subcutaneous, STEMI ST Elevation MI