Table 1 TXA doses found to be beneficial regarding bleeding outcomes for various indications
| Indication | Patient | Recommended TXA dose | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epistaxis | Regular | PERI |
| 1% soaked pledgets or sprayed | [16,17,18] |
| Menorrhagia | Regular or bleeding disorder | PERI |
| 2-4 g/d (max. 5 d) | [19] |
| Trauma | Regular | PRE |
| 1 g (over 10 min) | [20] |
| PERI |
| 1 g (over 8 h) | |||
| Postpartum hemorrhage | Regular | PRE |
| 1 g (over 10 min) | [21] |
| POST |
| 1 g if bleeding continuous after 30 min or if bleeding restarts after 24 h | |||
| Myomectomy and hysterectomy | Regular (A) | PRE |
| 10-15 mg/kg | [22,23,24,25,26] |
| PERI (optional) |
| 1 mg/kg/h (continuous) | [23, 24] | ||
| Regular (B) | PERI |
| 2 g soaked gauzes | [24, 26] | |
| Orthopedic | Regular | PRE |
| 10-15 mg/kg (max 1.2 g, over 30 min) | [27, 28] |
| PERI (optional) |
| 1-3 g diluted in 30-100 mL NS (topical with closure) | [27,28,29,30] | ||
| POST |
| 10-15 mg/kg (after 3 hours or via infusion), optionally repeated | [27, 28, 31,32,33,34,35] | ||
| Cardiac surgery | Low bleeding risk | PRE |
| 10-15 mg/kg | [36] |
| PERI |
| 1 mg/kg/h continuous infusion (6-8 hours) | |||
| High bleeding risk | PRE |
| 30 mg/kg | ||
| PERI |
| 16 mg/kg/h continuous infusion (6-8 hours) | |||
| Maxillofacial surgery | Regular (A) | PRE |
| 10-20 mg/kg | [37,38,39] |
| Regular (B) | PERI |
| 1% irrigation | ||
| Minor oral surgery | Anticoagulant or bleeding disorders | PERI (optional) |
| 5% irrigation | [40, 41] |
| POST |
| 10 mL 5% mouthwash (4x/d for 2-7 d) | [40,41,42,43] | ||
| Bleeding disorders (A) | POST |
| 15-25 mg/kg or 1-1.5 g 2-3x/d | [42, 43] | |
| Bleeding disorders (B) | PRE |
| 10 mg/kg | ||
| POST (optional) |
| 10 mg/kg 3-4x/d | |||
| (Adeno) tonsillectomy | Regular (A) | PRIOR |
| 10 mg/kg | [44, 45] |
| POST (optional) |
| 250 mg 3x/d for 1d and 500 mg 1x/d for 2 d | |||
| Regular (B) | POST |
| 4% irrigation | ||
| Rhinoplasty | Regular (A) | PRE |
| 10 mg/kg | [46] |
| Regular (B) | PRE |
| 1 g | ||
| POST (optional) |
| 1g 3x/d (up to 5 d) | |||
| Liver transplantation and resection | Regular | PERI |
| 10-40 mg/kg/h | [47, 48] |
| Prostate surgery | Regular (A) | PERI |
| 2 g 3x/d | [49, 50] |
| POST |
| 2 g 3x/d (first postoperative day) | |||
| Regular (B) | PERI |
| 1 g diluted in 200 mL NS or 10 mg/kg for 0.5 h | ||
| Regular (C) | PRE |
| 500 mg injection | ||
| PERI |
| 250 mg/h | |||
| Regular (D) | PRE |
| 500 mg injection | ||
| POST |
| 500 mg injection | |||
| Regular (E) | PERI |
| 500 mg irrigation | ||
| Nephrolithotomy | Regular (A) | PRE |
| 1 g | [51, 52] |
| POST |
| 500 mg 3x/d for 1 d | |||
| Regular (B) | PERI |
| 0.1% irrigation | ||
| Melasma | Regular (A) | PERI |
| 40-500 mg/d 2 x/d (for 12 weeks) | [53,54,55] |
| Regular (B) | PERI |
| 10% topical or with microneedling 2 x/d (for 12 weeks) | ||
| Mohs micrographic surgery | Regular | PERI |
| 100-600 mg subcutaneous | [56] |
| Burn wounds or skin grafting | Regular | PRE |
| 15 mg/kg | |
- with d day(s), min minutes, h hours, pre preoperative dose, peri perioperative dose, post postoperative dose, NS normal saline,
= oral dose, 
= intravenous dose, 
= topical administration or irrigation, 
= mouthwash. (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) are different dose regimen options of TXA for the same indication
= oral dose, 
= intravenous dose, 
= topical administration or irrigation, 
= mouthwash. (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) are different dose regimen options of TXA for the same indication