Table 1 Included studies in qualitative synthesis
First Author | Year | Country | Patient Selection | Study Design | Anticoagulation | POAF definition | POAF (N) | OAC vs No Anticoagulants | Number | Age | Sex % (Males) | Type of Surgery | |||||
CABG | Valve | CABG + Valve | |||||||||||||||
Butt et al. [23] | 2018 | Denmark | 1/1/2000–30/6/2015 | Prospective Cohort | 83.4% Warfarin | AF rhythm requiring either medical therapy or cardioversion during hospitalization in patients without previous history of AF episodes | 2108 | Vitamin K or non-vitamin K antagonists | 175 | Median (IQR): 69.2 (63.7–74.7) | 82.3 | X | |||||
No anticoagulant | 1527 | ||||||||||||||||
Vora et al. [24] | 2018 | USA | 01/11/2011–30/09/2015 | Prospective Cohort | 83.0% Warfarin | New-onset AF following TAVR | 1138 | Oral Anticoagulant | 329 | Median (IQR): 85 (78–88) | 38.6 | TAVR | |||||
15.2% Factor Xa inhibitor | |||||||||||||||||
1.8% Dabigatran | No anticoagulant | 809 | |||||||||||||||
Butt et al. [25] | 2019 | Denmark | 01/01/2000–30/06/2015 | Prospective Cohort | 97.6% Warfarin | AF rhythm requiring either medical therapy or cardioversion during hospitalization in patients without previous history of AF | 675 | Oral Anticoagulant | 420 | Median (IQR): 71 (65–77) | 59.3 | Aortic and/or Mitral Valve Repair/ Replacement | |||||
No anticoagulant | 255 | ||||||||||||||||
El-Chami et al. [26] | 2010 | USA | 1/1/1996–31/12/2007 | Retrospective analysis of a Prospective Cohort | 100% Warfarin | Occurence of new-onset POAF or atrial flutter requiring treatment | 2985 | Warfarin | 613 | Mean ± sd: 67.5 ± 9.5 | 73 | X | |||||
No anticoagulant | 2375 | ||||||||||||||||
Yoon et al. [27] | 2019 | South Korea | 1/3/2010–1/2/2017 | Prospective Cohort | Warfarin or Novel Oral Anticoagulant | Occurence of any episode of new-onset AF or flutter through hospitalization that lasted at least 30 s | 31 | Anticoagulant | 11 | Mean ± sd: 79.4 ± 5.0 | 52 | TAVR | |||||
No anticoagulant | 20 | ||||||||||||||||
Taha et al. [28] | 2020 | Sweden | 1/1/2007–31/12/2015 | Prospective Cohort | 86.2% Vitamin K antagonists | POAF was defined as any new-onset atrial fibrillation during the first 30 postoperative days | 7368 | OAC | 1770 | Mean ± sd: 70 ± 8.0 | 81.5 | X | |||||
No Anticoagulants | 5598 | ||||||||||||||||
Benedetto et al. [29] | 2020 | Poland, UK, Austria, Australia, Brazil, Italy, India | 06/2004–12/2007 | Post hoc analysis of a Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial | 100% Warfarin | Occurence of any episode of AF or flutter (collectively called pAF for this analysis) after the index procedure through the time of discharge that lasted at least 30 s and was captured on a standard 12-lead ECG or cardiac telemetry | 734 | Warfarin | 61 | Mean ± sd: 66.41 ± 8.16 | 86,5 | X | |||||
No Anticoagulant | 662 | ||||||||||||||||
Madsen et al. [30] | 2021 | Denmark | 1999–2016 | Retrospective cohort | 74.3% Vitamin K antagonists | AF within 30 days following STEMI | 296 | OAC therapy | 113 | Median (IQR): 71 (64–79) | 69.9 | PPCI | |||||
No Anticoagulant | 183 | ||||||||||||||||
First Author | Follow-up time | Thromboembolism | Stroke | All-cause Mortality | CHA2DS2-VASc | HAS-BLED | Major bleeding | Echocardiography data | |||||||||
OAC | No OAC | Left ventricle ejection fraction ≤ 30% n(%) | |||||||||||||||
Butt et al. [23] | Median (IQR) 5.1 (2.2–9.2) years | HRa: 0.55 [0.32–0.95] | – | HRa: 1.09 [0.82–1.43] | POAF: mean ± sd: 3.2 ± 1.4 | POAF: mean ± sd: 2.2 ± 1.1 | – | – | |||||||||
Vora et al. [24] | 1 year | – | HRa: 1.12 [0.67–1.89] | HRa: 2.08 [1.56–2.78] | – | HRa: 0.77 [0.61–0.98] | 46 (4.0) | ||||||||||
Butt et al. [25] | Median (IQR) 4.2 (2.0–7.1) years | HRa: 0.45 [0.22–0.90] | – | HRa: 0.64 [0.41–0.99] | POAF: mean ± sd: 2.9 ± 1.7 | Mean ± sd: 2.1 ± 1.2 | Mean ± sd: 2.2 ± 1.2 | – | – | ||||||||
El-Chami et al. [26] | Mean 6 years (range 0–12) | – | – | HRa: 0.78 [0.66–0.92] | – | – | – | – | |||||||||
Yoon et al. [27] | 12 months | OR: 0.67 | – | – | POAF: mean ± sd: 4.1 ± 1.4 | – | – | 1 (3.2) | |||||||||
First Author | Follow-up time | Thromboembolism | Stroke | All-cause Mortality | CHA2DS2-VASc | HAS-BLED | Major bleeding | Echocardiography data | |||||||||
OAC | No OAC | OAC | No OAC | Left ventricle ejection fraction ≤ 30% n(%) | |||||||||||||
Taha et al. [28] | 4.5 years (range 0–9) | HRa: 1.01 [0.77–1.33] | HRa: 1.08 [0.80–1.45] | HRa: [0.73–1.09] | ≥2 | n(%) 1637 (95.5) | n(%) 5201 (94.2) | – | – | HRa: 1.40 [1.08–1.82] | – | ||||||
≥4 | n(%) 925 (54.0) | n(%) 2738 (50.3) | |||||||||||||||
Benedetto et al. [29] | 10 years | – | Cumulative incidence (OAC): 3.6% [95% CI 0.0–8.4%] | – | POAF: mean ± sd: 3.46 ± 1.31 | – | – | Cumulative Incidence (OAC): 3.4 [95% CI 0.0–8.1] | 21 (2.9) | ||||||||
Cumulative incidence (No OAC): 5.3% [95% CI 3.5–7.0%] | Cumulative Incidence (No OAC): 4.1 [95% CI 2.6–5.7] | ||||||||||||||||
Madsen et al. [30] | Median (IQR) 4.7 (2.8–7.4) years | – | HRa: 0.70 [0.33–1.49] | HRa: 0.69 [0.47–1.00] | ≥2 | n(%) 105 (92.9%) | n(%) 169 (92.4%) | ≥3: n(%) 77 (68.1) | ≥3: n(%) 92 (50.3) | HRa: 1.31 [0.75–2.27] | – | ||||||