Table 1 Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of 18 patients with High altitude pulmonary edema
Variables | All (n = 18) | Non-VTE (n = 11) | VTE (n = 7) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 43 (34, 54) | 42 (30, 53) | 46 (37, 58) | 0.536 |
Males | 14 (77.8) | 9 (81.8) | 5 (71.4) | 1.000 |
Altitude of permanent residence (m) | 2260 (407, 2300) | 2260 (280, 2260) | 2300 (2260, 2600) | 0.069 |
Altitude of birthplace (m) | 2260 (480, 2362) | 2260 (450, 2600) | 2300 (2260, 2600) | 0.126 |
Altitude of affected area (m) | 3700 (3656, 4050) | 3700 (3650, 3800) | 3700 (3658, 4200) | 0.536 |
Altitude difference (m) | 1670 (1397, 2704) | 1440 (1390, 3520) | 1900 (1400, 1900) | 0.659 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.57 ± 2.04 | 23.56 ± 2.28 | 23.57 ± 1.78 | 0.724 |
Smoking history | 5 (27.8) | 5 (45.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.101 |
Drinking history | 1 (5.6) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
Days from entry into the plateau to onset of illness (d) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 3) | 0.596 |
Hospitalization days (d) | 11 (7, 13) | 9 (7, 12) | 13 (11, 19) | 0.027 |
History of venous thromboembolism | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
Comorbidities | ||||
Respiratory failure | 8 (44.4) | 2 (18.2) | 6 (85.7) | 0.013 |
Acute HACE | 5 (27.8) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (42.9) | 0.326 |
HAPC | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0.389 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 9 (50.0) | 4 (36.4) | 5 (71.4) | 0.335 |
Symptoms | ||||
Fever | 8 (55.6) | 7 (63.6) | 1 (14.3) | 0.066 |
Dry cough | 2 (11.1) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (14.3) | 1.000 |
Dyspnea | 17 (94.4) | 11 (100.0) | 6 (85.7) | 0.389 |
Weakness | 15 (83.3) | 9 (81.8) | 6 (85.7) | 1.000 |
Headache | 12 (66.7) | 7 (63.6) | 5 (71.4) | 1.000 |
Diarrhea | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0.389 |
Lower extremity swelling | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0.389 |
Lower extremity pain | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0.389 |
Physical examination | ||||
Respiratory rate (/min) | 21 (20, 22) | 20 (19, 22) | 22 (21, 23) | 0.151 |
Maximum body temperature (°C) | 37.8 (37.0, 38.6) | 38.0 (37.0, 40.0) | 37.4 (37.0, 38.2) | 0.536 |
Heart rate (/min) | 101 (69, 112) | 100 (72, 108) | 102 (61, 126) | 0.930 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120 (109, 131) | 120 (108, 128) | 118 (110, 140) | 0.596 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (70, 92) | 80 (70, 86) | 80 (70, 100) | 0.930 |
Imaging examination | ||||
Bronchovascular bundle thickening in both lungs | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
Diffuse spots in both lungs | 7 (38.9) | 3 (27.3) | 4 (57.1) | 0.332 |
Echocardiographic detection | ||||
LA diameter (mm) | 33.5 (31.2, 36.0) | 33.0 (33.0, 36.0) | 34.0 (28.0, 36.0) | 0.860 |
LVESVI (mL/m2) | 45.0 (42.0, 49.2) | 45.0 (42.0, 51.0) | 44.0 (42.0, 46.0) | 0.425 |
LVEDVI (mL/m2) | 28.0 (25.7, 32.2) | 28.0 (26.0, 33.0) | 28.0 (24.0, 30.0) | 0.724 |
Simpson biplane EF (%) | 65.0 (62.7, 67.7) | 65.0 (64.0, 70.0) | 64.0 (58.0, 67.0) | 0.536 |
RA diameter (mm) | 36.0 (31.0, 39.0) | 36.0 (31.0, 40.0) | 36.0 (31.0, 38.0) | 0.425 |
RV diameter (mm) | 23.5 (20.0, 30.2) | 23.0 (19.0, 25.0) | 26.0 (20.0, 33.0) | 0.104 |
Tricuspid regurgitation | 8 (44.4) | 3 (27.3) | 5 (71.4) | 0.145 |
PA diameter (mm) | 23.0 (20.7, 24.2) | 22.0 (20.0, 23.0) | 24.0 (23.0, 26.0) | 0.069 |