Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Variables | LAA TM | Total n = 391 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Absent n = 348 | Present n = 43 | |||
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Age, years old | 54.4 ± 9.0 | 57.6 ± 6.9 | 54.7 ± 8.9 | 0.025 |
Male sex, n (%) | 241 (69.3) | 29 (67.4) | 270 (69.1) | 0.809 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 3.2 | 24.8 ± 3.5 | 24.5 ± 3.3 | 0.517 |
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Non-paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 111 (31.9) | 35 (81.4) | 146 (37.3) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 119 (34.2) | 15 (34.9) | 134 (34.3) | 0.929 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 8 (2.3) | 3 (7.0) | 11 (2.8) | 0.207 |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 23 (6.6) | 12 (27.9) | 35 (9.0) | < 0.001 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 22 (6.3) | 4 (9.3) | 26 (6.6) | 0.678 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.0 (0, 1.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (0, 1.0) | 0.022 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
Hematocrit, % | 48.4 ± 8.4 | 51.1 ± 9.1 | 48.7 ± 8.5 | 0.066 |
Platelet, 109/L | 184.5 ± 46.7 | 179.0 ± 48.7 | 183.9 ± 46.9 | 0.484 |
D-dimer | 0.06 (0.03, 0.1) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.12) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.1) | 0.358 |
Fibrinogen, | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 0.042 |
NT-ProBNP, pg/ml | 168.7 (62.1, 436.0) | 843.0 (445.5, 1265.8) | 227.8 (72.3, 572.0) | < 0.001 |
Serum uric acid, umol/L | 387.6 ± 99.3 | 422.3 ± 96.1 | 391.4 ± 99.5 | 0.033 |
Creatinine, umol/L | 85.4 ± 68.1 | 83.2 ± 20.0 | 85.1 ± 64.7 | 0.839 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 86.5 ± 26.3 | 85.1 ± 30.1 | 86.3 ± 26.7 | 0.757 |
Medications | ||||
Antiplatelet, n (%) | 26 (7.5) | 3 (7.0) | 29 (7.4) | 1.000 |
Anticoagulant, n (%) | 27 (7.8) | 3 (7.0) | 30 (7.7) | 1.000 |
beta-blocker, n (%) | 166 (47.7) | 20 (46.5) | 186 (47.6) | 0.883 |
ACEI/ARB/ARNI, n (%) | 44 (10.0) | 2 (4.7) | 46 (11.8) | 0.125 |
MRA, n (%) | 17 (3.9) | 8 (18.6) | 25 (6.4) | 0.002 |
AADs, n (%) | 90 (25.9) | 5 (11.6) | 95 (24.3) | 0.040 |
Statins, n (%) | 62 (17.8) | 7 (16.3) | 69 (17.6) | 0.803 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) | 1.000 |
TTE | ||||
LAD, mm | 36.3 ± 5.8 | 44.2 ± 6.6 | 37.1 ± 6.4 | < 0.001 |
LVEDD, mm | 46.3 ± 4.8 | 49.1 ± 6.2 | 46.6 ± 5.0 | < 0.001 |
LVEF, % | 63.5 ± 7.0 | 56.7 ± 11.1 | 62.7 ± 7.8 | < 0.001 |
MR | 48 (13.8) | 17 (39.5) | 14 (35.5) | < 0.001 |
Mild MR | 27 (7.8) | 10 (23.3) | 7 (64.5) | 0.003 |
Moderate MR | 21 (6.0) | 7 (16.3) | 7 (64.5) | 0.032 |