Table 1 Patient characteristics at baseline

Age, years, mean (SD)

67.1(11.3)

59.3(10.5)

<0.001

Sex, male, n (%)

1885(54.2)

1734(65.2)

<0.001

BMI, mean (SD)

24.4(3.8)

24.8(3.3)

<0.001

Smoking, n(%)

2199(63.3)

1730(65.0)

0.003

Alcohol, n(%)

1460(42.0)

1104(41.5)

0.332

Comorbidities, n(%)

 Hypertension

2039(58.7)

1262(47.4)

<0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

720(20.7)

361(13.6)

<0.001

 Congestive heart failure

199(5.7)

10(0.4)

<0.001

 Coronary heart disease

307(8.8)

29(1.1)

<0.001

 Renal insufficiency

271(7.8)

25(0.9)

<0.001

 Hypohepatia

87(2.5)

14(0.5)

<0.001

 Vascular disease

593(17.1)

60(0.23)

<0.001

Laboratories

 TBIL, umol/L, mean (SD)

17.1(9.1)

15.4(6.0)

<0.001

 ALT, IU/L, mean (SD)

28.4(41.8)

25.8(19.2)

0.332

 AST, IU/L, mean (SD)

45.5(66.2)

35.4(28.8)

<0.001

 Creatinine, umol/L, mean (SD)

85.3(30.2)

78.3(17.3)

<0.001

 PLT, 10⁹/L, mean (SD)

183.2(65.8)

187.5(50.6)

<0.001

 Hb, g/L, mean (SD)

132.0(17.2)

138.3(14.5)

<0.001

Combined medication, n(%)

 Antiplatelet drugs

1009(29.0)

676(25.4)

0.002

 PPI

2166(62.3)

1971(74.0)

<0.001

 Statins

1902(54.7)

1187(44.6)

<0.001

 Amiodarone

557(16.0)

527(19.8)

<0.001

 H2-blockers

1098(31.6)

843(31.7)

0.939

 ACEI

877(25.2)

575(31.6)

0.001

 ARB

950(27.3)

643(24.2)

0.005

 β-Blockers

2338(67.3)

1739(65.3)

0.006

 CCB

1110(31.9)

829(31.1)

0.515

 Diltiazem

556(16.0)

392(14.7)

0.174

 Digoxin

419(12.1)

240(9.0)

<0.001

 CHA2DS2-VASc, Mean(SD)

2.5(1.5)

1.9(1.2)

<0.001

 HAS-BLED, Mean(SD)

1.5(0.9)

1.3(0.9)

<0.001