Table 1 Summary of Selected Clinical Literature on AMI and Antibiotics
From: Antibiotic use in acute mesenteric ischemia: a review of the evidence and call to action
Study Name | Study Publish Year | Study Inclusion Period | Study Type | Institutions | Patients | Antibiotic Usage | Study Findings or Commentary Regarding Antibiotics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute superior mesenteric ischaemia [47] | 1987 | 1973–1984 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 102 | Not mentioned. | None |
Failure to Improve Outcome in Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia: Seven Year Review [48] | 1999 | 1987–1993 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 57 | Not mentioned. | None |
Surgical Management of Thrombotic Acute Intestinal Ischemia [49] | 2001 | 1993–2000 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 170 | Not mentioned. | Endorses prophylactic antibiotic usage in Discussion. |
Endovascular and open surgery for acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery [50] | 2010 | 1999–2016 | Retrospective | Multicenter (28 hospitals)—Swedevasc Database | 163 | Not mentioned. | None |
A comparison of endovascular revascularization with traditional therapy for the treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia [13] | 2011 | 1999–2008 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 70 | Not mentioned. | None |
A study on 107 patients with acute mesenteric ischemia over 30 years [51] | 2012 | 1980–2010 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 107 | Not mentioned. | Endorses prophylactic antibiotic usage in Discussion. |
Effects of a Multimodal Management Strategy for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia on Survival and Intestinal Failure [41] | 2013 | 2009–2011 | Prospective | Single Institution | 18 | All patients received oral digestive decontamination with PO gentamicin and metronidazole. Patients with SIRS received IV piperacillin-tazobactam. | Notes that 11 patients did not require intestinal resection, and postulates that this maybe due to “prompt pathophysiological-based medical protocol”. |
Risk Factors Effecting Mortality in Acute Mesenteric Ischemia and Mortality Rates: A Single Center Experience [52] | 2013 | 2006–2011 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 95 | All patients received prophylactic antibiotics. | None |
Comparison of open and endovascular treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia [53] | 2014 | 2005–2009 | Retrospective | Multicenter (~ 1000 hospitals)—National Inpatient Sample Database | 4,665 | Not mentioned. | None |
Endovascular Therapy for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: an NSQIP Analysis [15] | 2015 | 2005–2010 | Retrospective | Multicenter (~ 300 hospitals)—National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database | 3,689 | Not mentioned. | None |
The importance of open emergency surgery in the treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia [54] | 2015 | 2001–2014 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 54 | Not mentioned. | None |
Prognostic factors in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia [55] | 2017 | 2014 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 46 | Not mentioned. | Endorses prophylactic antibiotic usage in Discussion. |
Primary Endovascular Intervention for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia Performed by Interventional Cardiologists – A Single Center Experience [56] | 2017 | 2012–2014 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 8 | Broad spectrum antibiotics were given at the discretion of critical care specialist after stenting. No criteria given for their usage. | None |
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Thromboembolic Occlusion of the Superior Mesenteric Artery and the Outcome Comparison between Endovascular and Open Surgical Treatments: A Retrospective Study [17] | 2017 | 2007–2012 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 30 | Not mentioned. | None |
Oral Antibiotics Reduce Intestinal Necrosis in Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: A Prospective Cohort Study [27] | 2019 | 2009–2015 | Prospective | Single Institution | 67 | PO or IV antibiotics were given at the discretion of the admitting physician. | Oral antibiotics in addition to early revascularization can reduce progression of AMI to intestinal necrosis. |
Prognostic factors of acute mesenteric ischemia in ICU patients [46] | 2019 | 2000–2017 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 214 | Stated that 90% of patients received antibiotic therapy. | Reported that receiving antibiotic therapy was not significantly associated with survival. |
Challenges Encountered during the Treatment of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia [11] | 2020 | 2002–2018 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 43 | Mentions 34 patients requiring IV antibiotic therapy in results. Does not detail criteria for treatment. | Notes that patients requiring antibiotic therapy were at significantly increased risk of death. |
Risk factors of geriatrics index of comorbidity and MDCT findings for predicting mortality in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia due to superior mesenteric artery thromboembolism [57] | 2020 | 2013–2018 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 33 | Not mentioned. | None |
Interdisciplinary approach in emergency revascularization and treatment for acute mesenteric ischemia [44] | 2021 | 2010–2017 | Prospective | Single Institution | 26 | Not mentioned. | None |
The implementation of a pathway and care bundle for the management of acute occlusive arterial mesenteric ischemia reduced mortality [42] | 2021 | 2014–2020 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 145 | All patients treated after implementation of clinical pathway received broad-spectrum antibiotics. No information regarding pre-pathway treatment. | None |
A Shifting Trend Towards Endovascular Intervention in the Treatment of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia [58] | 2021 | 2007–2018 | Retrospective | Single Institution | 98 | Not mentioned. | None |