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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with LV thrombus

From: A prediction model for left ventricular thrombus persistence/recurrence: based on a prospective study and a retrospective study

 

Total

(N = 172)

Training group

(N = 124)

Validation group

(N = 48)

P-value

Age, y

49.8 ± 14.3

50.2 ± 14.6

48.7 ± 13.5

0.526

Male, n (%)

143 (83.1)

109 (87.9)

34 (70.8)

0.014

BMI, kg/m2

25.2 ± 3.9

25.0 ± 3.9

25.6 ± 3.9

0.391

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

117 ± 19

117 ± 19

117 ± 18

0.993

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

78 ± 14

78 ± 13

78 ± 16

0.810

Heart rate, bpm

83 ± 18

83 ± 19

83 ± 16

0.890

Diagnosis, n (%)

   

0.715

 ICM

80 (46.5)

59 (47.6)

21 (43.8)

 

 DCM

56 (32.6)

41 (33.1)

15 (31.2)

 

 Othersa

36 (20.9)

24 (19.4)

12 (25)

 

Medical history, n (%)

 Atrial fibrillation

11 (6.4)

10 (8.1)

1 (2.1)

0.295

 Heart failure

101 (58.7)

74 (59.7)

27 (56.2)

0.813

 Hypertension

79 (45.9)

57 (46)

22 (45.8)

1.000

 Diabetes mellitus

35 (20.3)

28 (22.6)

7 (14.6)

0.338

 Hyperlipdimia

94 (54.7)

66 (53.2)

28 (58.3)

0.665

 Chronic kidney disease

12 (7)

10 (8.1)

2 (4.2)

0.514

 Embolism

23 (13.4)

19 (15.3)

4 (8.3)

0.338

Imaging measurements

 LVEF, %

30 (23, 40)

30 (22, 40)

30 (25, 39)

0.628

 LV end-diastolic diameter, mm

62 (56, 68)

62 (56, 69)

60 (54, 68)

0.346

Amount of thrombus, n (%)

   

0.340

 1

142 (82.6)

105 (84.7)

37 (77.1)

 

  ≥ 2

30 (17.4)

19 (15.3)

11 (22.9)

 

Thrombus morphology, n (%)

   

1.000

 Mural

126 (73.3)

91 (73.4)

35 (72.9)

 

 Protuberant

46 (26.7)

33 (26.6)

13 (27.1)

 

Size of LV thrombi, mm

 Diameter

22 (16, 32)

22 (15, 32)

23 (19, 33)

0.428

 Thickness

12.5 (9, 17)

12 (9, 17)

13 (9, 15)

0.933

 Spontaneous echo contrast, n (%)

19 (11)

13 (10.5)

6 (12.5)

0.915

 Regional wall motion abnormality, n (%)

74 (43)

55 (44.4)

19 (39.6)

0.693

 Ventricular aneurysm, n (%)

55 (32)

38 (30.6)

17 (35.4)

0.675

Laboratory test

 D-dimer, ug/ml

1.1 (0.4, 2.2)

1.2 (0.4, 2.2)

1.0 (0.4, 2.3)

0.808

 FDP, ug/ml

3.5 (2.5, 6.3)

3.5 (2.5, 6.13)

3.6 (2.5, 7.1)

0.555

 C-reactive protein, mg/L

6.3 (3.0, 15.8)

6.3 (3.0, 14.7)

6.3 (3.1, 20.5)

0.868

 APTT, S

38.3 (34.3, 43.0)

38.0 (34.5, 43.1)

38.8 (33.8, 42.0)

0.489

 PT, S

14.2 (13.2, 15.5)

14.2 (13.3, 15.5)

13.9 (13.0, 15.4)

0.352

Creatinine clearance, n (%)

   

0.740

  < 50 mL/min

151 (87.8)

110 (88.7)

41 (85.4)

 

  ≥ 50 mL/min

21 (12.2)

14 (11.3)

7 (14.6)

 

 NT-proBNP, pg/ml

1945 (758, 4937)

1786 (633, 4937)

2216 (969, 4826)

0.38

Treatment

 Antiplatelet therapy, n (%)

   

0.085

  None

105 (61)

72 (58.1)

33 (68.8)

 

  Mono

44 (25.6)

31 (25)

13 (27.1)

 

  Dual

23 (13.4)

21 (16.9)

2 (4.2)

 

Heparin, n (%)

149 (48)

111 (50)

38 (41)

0.188

Anticoagulation therapy, n (%)

   

0.492

 Warfarin

49 (28.5)

33 (26.6)

16 (33.3)

 

 NOACs

123 (71.5)

91 (73.4)

32 (66.7)

 
  1. Variables are presented as n (%), mean ± SD, and median (IQR)
  2. Abbreviations: LV Left ventricular, N Numbers of patients, SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, BMI Body mass index, ICM Ischemic cardiomyopathy, DCM Dilated cardiomyopathy, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, FDP Fibrin degradation products, APTT Activated partial thromboplastin time, PT Prothrombin time, NT-proBNP N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, NOACs Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
  3. aOther diagnoses include hypertensive heart disease (n = 13), inflammatory cardiomyopathy (n = 2), heart failure (n = 3), restrictive cardiomyopathy (n = 2), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 4), noncompaction of ventricular myocardium (n = 2), and valvular heart disease (n = 2), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (n = 3), myocarditis (n = 1, as follows), chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, peripartum cardiomyopathy, infective endocarditis, metabolic cardiomyopathy, and cardiac arrhythmias
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Thrombosis Journal

ISSN: 1477-9560

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