Table 2 Univariate analysis associated with LV thrombus persistence/recurrence at 3Â months in the training group
Variable | Thrombus resolved (N = 97) | Thrombus unresolved (N = 27) | Univariable | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | |||
Age | 49.6 ± 14.5 | 52.5 ± 14.8 | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.355 |
Male | 84 (86.6) | 25 (92.6) | 1.93 (0.41–9.15) | 0.405 |
BMI | 24.6 ± 3.6 | 26.4 ± 4.7 | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) | 0.039 |
Systolic blood pressure | 115 ± 18 | 122 ± 21 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.080 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 78 ± 14 | 77 ± 12 | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.865 |
Heart rate | 84 ± 20 | 77 ± 14 | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.089 |
Diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
 ICM | 43 (44.3) | 16 (59.3) | Reference |  |
 DCM | 35 (36.1) | 6 (22.2) | 0.46 (0.16–1.30) | 0.144 |
 Others | 19 (19.6) | 5 (18.5) | 0.71 (0.23–2.21) | 0.552 |
Medical history | ||||
 Atrial fibrillation | 10 (10.3) | 0 (0) | NA | 0.990 |
 Heart failure | 61 (62.9) | 13 (48.1) | 0.55 (0.23–1.30) | 0.170 |
 Hypertension | 45 (46.4) | 12 (44.4) | 0.92 (0.39–2.18) | 0.858 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 21 (21.6) | 7 (25.9) | 1.27 (0.47–3.40) | 0.639 |
 Hyperlipdimia | 51 (52.6) | 15 (55.6) | 1.13 (0.48–2.66) | 0.784 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 8 (8.2) | 2 (7.4) | 0.89 (0.18–4.46) | 0.887 |
 Embolism | 15 (15.5) | 4 (14.8) | 0.95 (0.29–3.14) | 0.934 |
Imaging measurements | ||||
 LVEF | 28 (21, 40) | 37 (27, 40) | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) | 0.061 |
 LV end-diastolic diameter | 63 (56, 69) | 61 (56, 65) | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.865 |
Amount of thrombus | ||||
 1 | 81 (83.5) | 24 (88.9) | Reference |  |
  ≥ 2 | 16 (16.5) | 3 (11.1) | 0.63 (0.17–2.36) | 0.495 |
Thrombus morphology | ||||
 Mural | 67 (69.1) | 24 (88.9) | Reference |  |
 Protuberant | 30 (30.9) | 3 (11.1) | 0.28 (0.08–1.00) | 0.050 |
Size of LV thrombi | ||||
 Diameter | 20 (14, 31) | 28 (21, 35) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.083 |
 Thickness | 11 (9, 16) | 16 (10, 23) | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | 0.013 |
 Spontaneous echo contrast | 13 (13.4) | 0 (0) | NA | 0.988 |
 Regional wall motion abnormality | 38 (39.2) | 17 (63) | 2.64 (1.09–6.38) | 0.031 |
 Ventricular aneurysm | 24 (24.7) | 14 (51.9) | 3.28 (1.35–7.93) | 0.009 |
Laboratory test | ||||
 D-dimer | 1.2 (0.4, 2.3) | 0.8 (0.3, 1.6) | 0.83 (0.62–1.10) | 0.187 |
 FDP | 3.6 (2.5, 6.3) | 3.1 (2.5, 4.3) | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 0.259 |
 C-reactive protein | 6.11 (3.05, 14) | 8.12 (2.7, 18.8) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.625 |
 APTT | 38.1 (34.3, 43.2) | 37.9 (35.4, 42.6) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.691 |
 PT | 14.2 (13.2, 15.3) | 14.2 (13.4, 16.0) | 0.96 (0.85–1.09) | 0.547 |
Creatinine clearance | ||||
  < 50 mL/min | 85 (87.6) | 25 (92.6) | Reference |  |
  ≥ 50 mL/min | 12 (12.4) | 2 (7.4) | 0.57 (0.12–2.70) | 0.476 |
 NT-proBNP | 2063 (857, 4932) | 1165 (412, 4916) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.809 |
Treatment | ||||
 Antiplatelet therapy | ||||
  None | 63 (64.9) | 9 (33.3) | Reference |  |
  Mono | 21 (21.6) | 10 (37) | 3.33 (1.19–9.31) | 0.022 |
 Dual | 13 (13.4) | 8 (29.6) | 4.31 (1.40–13.27) | 0.011 |
 Heparin | 61 (62.9) | 15 (55.6) | 0.74 (0.31–1.75) | 0.490 |
Anticoagulation therapy | ||||
 Warfarin | 23 (23.7) | 10 (37) | Reference |  |
 NOACs | 74 (76.3) | 17 (63) | 0.53 (0.21–1.31) | 0.170 |