Table 1 Demographics and clinical features at ICU admission and during the ICU stay of patients with severe COVID-19 given standard-dose or intermediate-dose prophylactic anticoagulation
Total N = 1174 | Intermediate N = 775 | Standard N = 399 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Age, y, mean (SD) | 62 (13) | 63 (12) | 61 (13) | 0.082 |
Males, n (%) | 805 (68) | 525 (68) | 280 (70) | 0.39 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29 (6) | 30 (6) | 28 (6) | 0.0002 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 604 (51) | 410 (52) | 194 (48) | 0.16 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 71 (6) | 43 (5) | 28 (7) | 0.29 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 338 (28) | 217 (28) | 121 (30) | 0.40 |
Immunosuppression, n (%) | 161 (13) | 103 (13) | 58 (14) | 0.55 |
Charlson Comorbidity Indexa, mean (SD) | 3.43 (2.53) | 3.55 (2.54) | 3.20 (2.49) | 0.02 |
Hospital stay ≥ 48 h within past 3 months, n (%) | 84 (7) | 51 (6) | 33 (8) | 0.28 |
COVID-19 data | ||||
Vaccination, n (%) | 49 (15) | 46 (16) | 3 (5) | 0.03 |
Symptom onset to ICU admission, days, mean (SD) | 8.06 (11.93) | 7.83 (14.30) | 8.51 (4.50) | 0.82 |
Variants, n (%) | ||||
Historical | 852 (72) | 530 (68) | 322 (80) | |
Alpha | 85 (7) | 80 (10) | 5 (1) | |
Beta | 14 (1) | 14 (2) | 0 (0) | |
Delta | 118 (10) | 108 (14) | 10 (2) | |
Omicron | 1 (0.08) | 1 (0.1) | 0 () | |
Unknown | 104 (9) | 42 (5) | 62 (15) | |
Features at ICU admission | ||||
Respiratory rate, breaths/min, mean (SD) | 26.08 (6.27) | 25.75 (6.29) | 26.71 (6.18) | 0.01 |
Respiratory support on ICU day 1, n (%) | ||||
Standard oxygen therapy | 683 (59) | 405 (53) | 278 (70) | |
HFNO | 337 (29) | 278 (36) | 59 (15) | < 0.0001 |
NIV | 15 (1) | 11 (1) | 4 (1) | |
iMV | 125 (11) | 71 (9) | 54 (13) | |
PaO2/FiO2, mean (SD) | ||||
Standard oxygen therapy | 185 (96) | 167 (80.72) | 201 (109.41) | < 0.001 |
HFNO or iMV | 128 (61.64) | 124 (61.17) | 138 (61.98) | < 0.01 |
Lymphocytes mean (SD) | 1.16 (4) | 1.16 (4) | 1.45 (5) | 0.39 |
CRP, mg/L, mean (SD) | 135.91 (91) | 131.36 (90) | 144.61 (93) | 0.07 |
Corticosteroids, n (%) | 850 (72) | 684 (88) | 166 (41) | < 0.001 |
IL6 antagonist therapy, n (%) | 233 (19) | 227 (29) | 6 (1) | < 0.001 |
SOFAb score, mean (SD) | 3.94 (2.60) | 3.71 (2.48) | 4.37 (2.75) | < 0.0001 |
SAPS II scorec, mean (SD) | 32.81 (13.77) | 32.20 (13.18) | 33.96 (14.75) | 0.04 |
Treatments in the ICU | ||||
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 665 (66) | 419 (59) | 246 (81) | < 0.001 |
Days on mechanical ventilation, mean (SD) | 20.33 (19) | 21.08 (20) | 19.04 (16) | 0.53 |
Neuromuscular blocking agents, n (%) | 593 (50) | 377 (49) | 216 (54) | 0.07 |
Prone positioning, n (%) | 455 (68) | 296 (70) | 159 (64) | 0.81 |
VV-ECMO, n (%) | 47 (7) | 29 (6) | 18 (7) | 0.52 |
Vasopressor use, n (%) | 484 (41) | 295 (38) | 189 (47) | < 0.01 |
Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 102 (8) | 53 (6) | 49 (12) | 0.07 |