Table 1 Commercially available methods for removal of anticoagulants in diagnostic tests

DOAC-Stop

1 tablet for 1 ml of normal plasma spiked with DOAC or plasma samples from DOAC-treated patients*

aPTT

dabigatran[60, 63], rivaroxaban [63], apixaban [63], edoxaban [63]

rivaroxaban [65]*, apixaban [65]*

PT

dabigatran[60, 63], rivaroxaban [63], apixaban [63], edoxaban [63]

rivaroxaban [65]*, apixaban [65]*

TT

dabigatran [60]

fibrinogen

dabigatran [60]

FVIII assay

dabigatran [60], rivaroxaban [89]

FVII assay

dabigatran [60]

FX assay

dabigatran [60], rivaroxaban [89]

dRVVT

dabigatran [36]*, [60], rivaroxaban [36]*, apixaban [36]*, edoxaban [36]*

rivaroxaban [65]*, apixaban [65]*

aPTT-LA

dabigatran [36]*, [60], [66]*, rivaroxaban [36]*, [66]*, apixaban [36]*, edoxaban [36]*

apixaban [66]*

APC-R

dabigatran [36]*, [60], apixaban [36]*, edoxaban [36]*

rivaroxaban [36]*

Protein C

dabigatran [36]*, rivaroxaban [36]*, apixaban [36]*, edoxaban [36]*

Protein S

dabigatran [36]*, rivaroxaban [36]*, apixaban [36]*, edoxaban [36]*

Antithrombin activity

dabigatran [36]*, rivaroxaban [36]*, apixaban [36]*, edoxaban [36]*

CAT

rivaroxaban [63], apixaban [63], edoxaban [63]

dabigatran [63]

TEG

dabigatran [63], rivaroxaban [63], apixaban [63], edoxaban [63]

HPLC-MS/MS

dabigatran [67]*, rivaroxaban [67]*, apixaban [67]*

DOAC-Remove

1 tablet for 1 ml of normal plasma spiked with DOAC or plasma samples from DOAC-treated patients*

dTT

dabigatran [61]*, [62]*

Anti-FXa assay

rivaroxaban [61]*, apixaban [61]*, edoxaban [61]*

rivaroxaban [62]*, apixaban [62]*

dRVVT

dabigatran [62]*, rivaroxaban [62]*, apixaban [61]*, [62]*, edoxaban [61]*

APC-R

dabigatran [35]*, rivaroxaban [35]*, apixaban [35]*

HPLC-MS/MS

dabigatran [62]*, rivaroxaban [62]*, apixaban [62]*

DOAC Filter

600 µl of normal plasma spiked with DOAC or plasma samples from DOAC-treated patients* loaded in the cartridge

aPTT

dabigatran [71], rivaroxaban [71]

apixaban [71]

PT

dabigatran [71], rivaroxaban [71]

apixaban [71]

dTT

dabigatran [72]

ECA

dabigatran [69]

Anti-FXa assay

rivaroxaban[69, 72], apixaban [69], edoxaban[69, 72]

rivaroxaban [70]*, apixaban [70]*, [72]

SCT

rivaroxaban [70]*, apixaban [70]*

dRVVT

rivaroxaban [70]*, apixaban [70]*

HPLC-MS/MS

rivaroxaban [70]*, apixaban [70]*

Heparins

Heparinase

Added in the concentration of 2 IU[16, 99]/4 IU [99] to normal plasma spiked with heparin or plasma samples from heparin-treated patients*

aPTT

UFH [14]*, [59]*, LMWH [14]*

UFH [94]*

PT

UFH [14]*, [94]*, LMWH [14]*

TT

LMWH [14]*

UFH [14]*

Anti-FXa assay

UFH [59]*

TGA

UFH [11], LMWH [11]

Heparinized plasma samples added to heparinase I-coated plastic cuvettes

TEG

UFH [96], LMWH [96]

Polybrene

Added in concentration of 0-100 µg/ml [13, 15, 97, 108,109,110] to normal plasma spiked with heparin or plasma samples from heparin-treated patients*

aPTT

UFH [101, 102]

UFH [100]

PT

UFH [100]

TT

UFH [102]

UFH [13], LMWH [13]

ACT

UFH [92]*

Anti-FXa assay

UFH [13], LMWH [13]

dRVVT

UFH [102]

TGA

UFH [11], LMWH [11]