Table 1 Characteristics of included single-arm trials

Tomiyama et al. 2012

6 months

Eltrombopag

12.5 mg

1:

- Transient ischemic attack

Yes: excluded patients with a history of arterial or venous thrombosis within 1 year before enrolment

Brynes et al. 2017

116 weeks

Eltrombopag

50 mg, could be adjusted to 25 mg or 75 mg

4:

- Pulmonary embolism

- Deep vein thrombosis

- Cerebral venous thrombosis

- Transient ischemic attack

No

Bussel et al. 2013

6 weeks

Eltrombopag

50 mg, could be adjusted to 75 mg

0

Yes: excluded patients with history of thrombosis and two or more thrombophilic risk factors

G´omez-Almaguer et al. 2014

4 weeks

Eltrombopag

50 mg, Dexamethasone

40 mg

0

No

Haselboeck et al. 2013

4 weeks

Eltrombopag

25 mg, could be adjusted to 50 mg or 75 mg

2:

- Deep vein thrombosis

- Cerebral venous thrombosis

Yes: excluded patients with a history of thromboembolic disease

Kim et al. 2015

22 weeks

Eltrombopag

25 mg, could be adjusted to 12.5 mg

0

No

Liu et al. 2022

24 weeks

Eltrombopag

25 mg

0

Yes: excluded patients with any prior history of cardiovascular disease

Saleh et al. 2013

3 years

Eltrombopag

50 mg

20:

1 - Transient ischemic attack

1 - Central nervous ischemia

1 - Prolonged reversible ischemic neurologic deficit

1 - Subclavian/Brachial vein thrombosis

2 - Cerebral infraction

3 - Pulmonary embolism

3 - Myocardial infarction

8 - Deep vein thrombosis

Yes: excluded patients with a history of arterial or venous thrombosis, and two or more thrombophilic risk factors, or with any family history of arterial or venous thrombosis

Tripathi et al. 2014

4 weeks

Eltrombopag

50 mg

0

No

Wong et al. 2017

2 years

Eltrombopag

50 mg, could be adjusted to 25 mg or 75 mg

24:

1 - Thrombophlebitis superficial

1 - Pulmonary infarction

1 - Pulmonary embolism

1 - Cerebral ischemia

2 - Acute myocardial infarction

3 - Transient ischemic attack

3 - Myocardial infarction

4 - Cerebral infraction

8 - Deep vein thrombosis

Yes: excluded patients with a history of arterial or venous thrombosis, and two or more thrombophilic risk factors

van Dijk et al. 2023

Unknown

Eltrombopag

25 mg, could be adjusted to 50 mg or 75 mg

1:

- Deep vein thrombosis

No

Mei et al. 2022

6 weeks

Hetrombopag

5 mg, could be adjusted to 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5 mg

0

Yes: excluded patients with arterial or venous thrombosis

Mei et al. 2021

24 weeks

Hetrombopag 2.5 or 5 mg, could be adjusted to 7.5 mg

2:

- Acute myocardial infarction

- Subclavian vein thrombosis

Yes: excluded patients with arterial or venous thrombosis

Bussel et al. 2014

24 weeks

Avatrombopag

10 mg, could be adjusted to 40 mg

2:

- Iliac deep vein thrombosis

- Myocardial infarction

Yes: excluded patients with history of cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic disease, deep vein thrombosis

Al-Samkari et al. 2022

90 weeks

Avatrombopag

20 mg

1:

- Jugular vein thrombosis

Yes: excluded patients with clinically significant arterial or venous thrombosis and cardiovascular disease

Bussel et al. 2006

3 weeks

Romiplostim

0.2-1 µg/kg,

or 3–10 µg/kg

0

Yes: excluded patients with any known risk factor for thromboembolic events or a history of cardiovascular disease

Gernsheimer et al. 2010

3 years

Romiplostim

1 or 2 µg/kg

8:

1 - Coronary artery occlusion

1 - Superficial vein thrombosis.

1 - Pulmonary embolism

1 - Septic jugular vein thrombosis

1 - Inflammatory venous thrombosis

1 - Transient cerebral ischemic attack

2 - Myocardial infarction

No

Bussel et al. 2009

144 weeks

Romiplostim

1–30 µg/kg

12

(in 7 patients, include:

- Deep vein thrombosis

- Myocardial infarction

- Coronary artery occlusion

- Septic thrombophlebitis

- Transient ischemic attack)

No

Janssens et al. 2015

Median treatment duration was 44.3 (20.4, 65.9) weeks

Romiplostim

1 or 3 µg/kg

36:

1 - Device occlusion

1 - Ischemia stroke

1 - Thrombosis

1 - Myocardial infarction

1 - Hemiparesis

1 - Thrombophlebitis

1 - Splenic infarction

1 - Central venous catheterization

1 - Intestinal infarction

1 - Intracranial venous sinus thrombosis

2 - Transient ischemic attack

2 - Venous thrombosis

2 - Cerebrovascular accident

3 - Thrombosis in device

3 - Portal vein thrombosis

6 - Deep vein thrombosis

8 - Pulmonary embolism

No

Kuter et al. 2013

Up to 5 years

Romiplostim

1–30 µg/kg

25:

1 - Hemiparesis

1 - Transient blindness

1 - Transverse sinus thrombosis

1 - Portal vein thrombosis

1 - Thrombophlebitis

1 - Catheter thrombosis

2 - Transient ischemic attack

2 - Cerebrovascular accident

2 - Pulmonary embolism

3 - Deep vein thrombosis

10 - Myocardial infarction

No

Mihaylov et al. 2020

24 months

Romiplostim

1 µg/kg, could be adjusted to 4.5 µg/kg

1:

- Thrombosis

No

Newland et al. 2006

3 weeks

Romiplostim 30, 100, 300, 500 µg

0

Yes: excluded patients with a history of arterial or untreated venous thrombotic disease, and three or more thromboembolic risk factors

Newland et al. 2015

12 months

Romiplostim

1–10 µg/kg

1:

- Reversible ischaemic neurological deficit

Yes: excluded patients with history of recurrent venous thromboembolism or thrombotic events within 5 years of enrolment

Park et al. 2016

24 weeks

Romiplostim

1 µg/kg

0

No

Reiser et al. 2021

Up to 2 years

Romiplostim

1–10 µg/kg

0

No

Shirasugi et al. 2012

13 weeks

Romiplostim

3–10 µg/kg

1:

- Transient ischemic attack

No

Singh et al. 2022

8 weeks

Romiplostim

1–5 µg/kg

1:

- Mild lacunar infarct

No

Steurer et al. 2016

2 years

Romiplostim,

median dose was 2.8 µg/kg

10:

1 - embolism

1 - myocardial infarction

1 - retinal vein thrombosis

1 - Transient ischemic attack

1 - Thrombosed haemorrhoids

1 - Thrombophlebitis

2 - Deep vein thrombosis

2 - Pulmonary embolism

No

Cai et al. 2017

14 weeks

rhTPO, 300 U/kg

0

Yes: excluded patients with history of thrombotic disease