The use of infrared thermography for non-invasive detection of bleeding and musculoskeletal abnormalities in patients with hemophilia: an observational study

Kawasaki, Ryohei; Sakata, Asuka; Hosoda, Chihiro; Harada, Suguru; Soeda, Tetsuhiro; Nishida, Yukiko; Matsumoto, Naoki; Tatsumi, Kohei; Nogami, Keiji; Yoshimura, Yasushi; Shima, Midori

doi:10.1186/s12959-023-00511-5

Table 1 Summary of skin temperature analysis and clinical information in hemophilia patients

From: The use of infrared thermography for non-invasive detection of bleeding and musculoskeletal abnormalities in patients with hemophilia: an observational study

Subject	Severity of hemophilia	Age (years)	Days from injury or discomfort to taking image	Affected location	Bleeding	Thermography System	Δ skin temp^a	Category
1	Mild Hemophilia A	82	5	Dorsal surface of right thigh	Subcutaneous Active bleeding	Vision Sensing	+1.4 °C	Increase in temperature +0.3 °C or more
2	Mild Hemophilia A	11	7	Right ankle	Intra-articular Active bleeding	Vision Sensing	+0.9 °C
3	Mild Hemophilia A	11	1	Right ankle	Intra-articular Active bleeding	Vision Sensing	+0.9 °C
4	Mild Hemophilia B	12	1	Right ankle	Intra-articular Active bleeding	FLIR	+0.8 °C
5	Mild Hemophilia A	19	23	Left intestinal muscle	Intramuscular Active bleeding	FLIR	+0.5 °C
6	Mild Hemophilia A	45	1	Left lower leg inner side	Intramuscular Active bleeding	FLIR	+0.5 °C
7	severe Hemophilia B	6	7	Dorsal surface of right thigh	Subcutaneous Active bleeding	FLIR	+0.5 °C
8	Mild Hemophilia A	12	31	Right ankle	Intra-articular Active bleeding	FLIR	+0.4 °C
9	Severe Hemophilia A	16	Unknown	Left lower leg inner side	Intramuscular Active bleeding	Vision Sensing	+0.4 °C
10	Severe Hemophilia A	11	7	Left knee	Intra-articular Active bleeding	FLIR	+0.3 °C
11	Mild Hemophilia A	16	1	Left iliopsoas muscle	Intramuscular Active bleeding	Vision Sensing	+0.3 °C
12	Severe Hemophilia A	61	Unknown	Right elbow	No bleeding	Vision Sensing	0 °C	No difference in temperature
13	Severe Hemophilia A	18	2	Left knee	No bleeding	Vision Sensing	0 °C	No difference in temperature
14	Severe Hemophilia A	49	18	Right chest	No bleeding (Previous fractured ribs)	Vision Sensing	–0.3 °C	Decrease in temperature –0.3 °C or more
15	Mild Hemophilia A	21	4	Right proximal phalanx of thumb	No bleeding (Previous fractured thumb)	FLIR	–0.4 °C	Decrease in temperature –0.3 °C or more

^aDifference in temperature between the affected side and the unaffected side

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ISSN: 1477-9560

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