Fig. 1

Germ depletion in mice suppresses DVT. (A) The heatmap shows the fecal microbiome of control (CON) and antibiotic (ABX)-treated mice based on 16 S rRNA gene sequencing data (n = 8). (B) Rarefaction curves were calculated at the 97% similarity level with 16 S rRNA gene sequencing data from the microbiota of CON and ABX-treated mice. (C-E) Partial ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) was performed on CON (n = 8) and ABX-treated mice (n = 8) to induce DVT. After 24 h of ligation, the IVC tissues were harvested, and the formed thrombi were quantified and imaged. (F-H) Partial ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) was performed to induced DVT in germ-free mice (GF, n = 8) or GF mice with restored gut microbiota by FMT (GF-FMT, n = 8). After 24 h of ligation, the IVC tissues were harvested, and the formed thrombi were quantified and imaged. Data are shown as mean ± SD. (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01)