Fig. 5
Causal relationships between sex hormones and VTE in replicated two-sample MR analyses. The effect of a one-standard deviation (SD) increase in sex hormone levels on the odds ratio (OR) of VTE is represented by the OR and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). MR: Mendelian randomisation; Nsnp: Number of SNPs participated in the analysis; R2: The proportion of variance elucidated by instrumental variables (IVs) in the exposure variable in each trait pair; Pa: P-value in IVW after multiple comparison BH correction; P(PRESSO): P-value after outlier-corrected in MR-PRESSO; Action = 3: Correct causal direction in MR Steiger test of directionality; SHBG: Sex hormone-binding globulin; TT: Total testosterone; BT: Bioactive testosterone; SHBGw: Sex hormone-binding globulin in women; TTw: Total testosterone in women; BTw: Bioactive testosterone in women; VTE: Venous thromboembolism; VTEw: Venous thromboembolism in women