Table 1 Summary of studies included in meta-analysis
Study | Year | Number of patients with RI/ Sample size | Renal-function range | Study population | Intervention/comparison | Treatment duration | Primary outcome (intervention/ comparison) | Bleeding (intervention/ comparison) |
VTE treatment in acute phase | ||||||||
 EINSTEIN-DVT | 2010 | 250/3429 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | DVT | rivaroxaban/enoxaparin-VKA | 3,6,12 m | 4/6 | 13/10 |
 IRIS | 2011 | 537/1078 | CrCl < 60 ml/min |  > 75 year old VTE | tinzaparin/UFH | 3 m | 8/4 | 13/17 |
 EINSTEIN-PE | 2012 | 404/4817 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | PE | rivaroxaban/enoxaparin-VKA | 9 m | 7/5 | 26/34 |
 Hokusai-VTE | 2013 | 541/8240 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | VTE | edoxaban/VKA | 12 m | 8/15 | 32/32 |
 AMPLIFY | 2013 | 327/5395 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | VTE | apixaban/enoxaparin-VKA | 6 m | 7/7 | 5/9 |
 CLOT | 2016 | 162/676 | CrCl < 60 ml/min | cancer associated VTE | dalteparin/VKA | 6 m | 2/15 | 15/21 |
 RE-COVER-I and II | 2017 | 237/5035 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | VTE | dabigatran/VKA | 6 m | 0/5 | 21/29 |
 CATCH | 2018 | 131/864 | 20 ml/min/1.73m2 < eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 | cancer associated VTE | tinzaparin/VKA | 6 m | 9/9 | 13/17 |
 Hokusai-VTE cancer | 2018 | 72/1046 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | cancer associated VTE | edoxaban/dalteparin | 12 m | 2/1 | 4/1 |
 AMPLIFY-cancer | 2020 | 327/1155 | 25 ml/min < CrCl < 80 ml/min | cancer associated VTE | apixaban/dalteparin | 6 m | 9/19 | 10/10 |
 Caravaggio | 2021 | 275/1142 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 60 ml/min | cancer associated VTE | Apixaban/dalteparin | 6 m | 3/11 | 23/13 |
Study | Year | Number of patients with RI/ Sample size | Renal-function range | Study population | Intervention/comparison | Treatment duration | Primary outcome (intervention/comparison) | Bleeding (intervention/comparison) |
VTE treatment in extension phase | ||||||||
 EINSTEIN extention | 2010 | 86/1188 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | VTE treated 6 to 12 months | rivaroxaban/placebo | 6,12 m | 1/6 | 1/2 |
 RE-MEDY and RE-SONATE | 2013 | 108/2866 | CrCl < 50 ml/min | VTE treated in RECOVER I and II trials | dabigatran/VKA | 18 m | 0/0 | NA |
 RE-MEDY and RE-SONATE | 2013 | 71/1353 | CrCl < 50 ml/min | VTE treated in RECOVER I and II trials | dabigatran/placebo | 18 m | 1/1 | NA |
 AMPLIFY-EXT | 2013 | 138/2482 | 25 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | VTE treated 6 to 12 months | apixaban/placebo | 12 m | 5/7 | 4/2/6 |
 EINSTEIN CHOICE | 2017 | 156/3365 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | VTE treated 6 to 12 months | rivaroxaban/aspirin | 6,9,12 m | 0/3/0 | 1/4/0 |
VTE prophylaxis | ||||||||
 CERTIFY | 2011 | 189/3239 | eGFR ≤ 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 | hospitalised medical patients | certoparin/UFH | 9.9 ± 4.3 d | 6/2 | 5/13 |
 Shorr | 2012 | 1006/2078 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 60 ml/min | THR surgery | desirudin/enoxaparin | 8-12 d | 24/42 | 6/2 |
 Dahl | 2012 | 159/539 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | joint replacement surgery | dabigatran/enoxaparin | 6–10 up to 28-35 d | 3/8 | 0/6 |
 ADVANCE-2 and 3 | 2013 | 318/6788 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | THR surgery | apixaban/enoxaparin | 14d,38 d | 1/2 | 13/11 |
 APEX | 2016 | 256/3429 | 15 ml/min < CrCl < 30 ml/min | acute medical illness | betrixaban/enoxaparin | 10 ± 4 d,35-42 d | 12/10 | 3/1 |
 MARINER | 2018 | 2183/11962 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | acute medical illness | rivaroxaban/placebo | 45 d | 18/18 | 20/10 |
 CASSINI | 2019 | 63/841 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min | ambulatory cancer patients with a higher risk of VTE | rivaroxaban/placebo | 180 d | 1/2 | NA |
 MAGELLAN | 2020 | 1299/7998 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 50 ml/min |  ≥ 40 years old, acute medical illness | rivaroxaban/enoxaparin | 35 d | 9/15 | 36/17 |
 AVERT | 2022 | 64/574 | 30 ml/min < CrCl < 60 ml/min | cancer associated VTE | apixaban/ placebo | 180 ± 3 d | 0/1 | 2/3 |