Table 1 Main characteristics of all studies included in the meta-analysis

Sakurai

2013

Retro

1

Japan

60

NI

rTM: 380 U/kg/day, AT: 1500U/day

rTM alone

C:15% (3/20)

N/A

M:25% (10/40)

Sawano

2013

Retro

1

Japan

111

C: 69.1(±2.2), M: 68.1 (±2.2)

rTM:130- 380 U/kg/day, AT: 1500U/day

AT alone

C:14% (7/50)

N/A　N/A　

M:40% (24/60)

Takehara

2014

Retro

1

Japan

13

C: 81, M: 62

rTM:380U/kg/day, AT: 1500U/day

AT alone

C:22.2% (8/36)

N/A

M:20% (5/25)

Hosomi

2014

Retro

1

Japan

20

C: 73.5(55-81.5), M: 70(60.75-73)

rTM:130- 380 U/kg/day, AT: 1500U/day

AT alone

C:0% (0/10)

N/A　N/A　

M:0% (0/10)

Iba

2016a

Retro

Multi, not specified

Japan

1026

NI

rTM:130-380 U/kg, AT: 1500 or 3000U/day

AT alone

C:22.4% (51/228)

OR: 0.391

M:28.7% (81/282)

CI: 0.092-1.6617

Iba

2016b

Retro

Multi, not specified

Japan

159

NI

rTM:130-380 U/kg, AT: 1500 or 3000U/day

AT alone

N/A

C: 4.11% (3/73)

M: 4.17% (2/48)

Iba

2017

Retro

Multi, not specified

Japan

510

C:72.3(±15.6)M:71.7(±14.7)

Not specified

AT alone

HR: 0.55

N/A

CI: 034-0.8897

Morita

2019

Retro

1

Japan

56

C:77.6(±10.2)M: 83.0 (±8.5)

rTM:130-380 U/kg, AT: 500U/kg/day

rTM alone

C:5% (2/40)

N/A

M:0% (0/16)

Suzuki

2020

Retro

462

Japan

662,387

C:71.2(±14.0)M:72.0(±14.2)

Not specified

rTM alone

C:40.2% (76/189)

N/A

M:45.5% (86/189)

Umegaki

2020

Retro

More than 1000

Japan

2222

C:70.3(±13.4)M:68.9(±14.1)

Not specified

AT alone

OR: 1.0655

N/A

CI: 0.9012-1.2597

Umemura

2019

Retro

42

Japan

1432

C: 72 (62-80), M (AT): 72 (63-80), M (rTM): 72 (62-78)

Not specified

AT alone or rTM alone

AT

AT

HR: 0.9708

OR: 1.0102

CI: 0.6024-1.5646

CI: 0.5619-1.8161

rTM

rTM

HR: 0.9174

OR: 1.923

CI: 0.5494-1.5319

CI: 0.9709-3.8089