Table 1 Demographics of patients with/ without hospital-acquired VTE
From: Nomogram for hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism among patients with cardiovascular diseases
Variable | Without hospital-acquired VTE (n = 27,081) | With hospital-acquired VTE (n = 154) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 8372 (30.9) | 78 (50.6) | < 0.001 |
Age, years (n = 27,235) | 58.41 ± 13.21 | 67.17 ± 13.71 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 (n = 27,129) | 25.63 ± 3.51 | 25.30 ± 3.62 | 0.282 |
D-Dimer, ug/ml (n = 5896) | 0.79 (0.61, 1.26) | 1.95 (1.12, 3.56) | < 0.001 |
Prior venous thromboembolism, n (%) (n = 27,129) | 10 (0.0) | 3 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
Duration of hospitalization, days (n = 27,235) | 4 (3, 6) | 12 (8, 17) | < 0.001 |
Time to VTE, days (n = 27,235) | NA | 5 (4, 8) | |
NYHA FC (n = 9372) | < 0.001 | ||
I, n (%) | 4106 (15.16) | 16 (10.39) | |
II, n (%) | 3407 (12.58) | 28 (18.18) | |
III, n (%) | 1231 (4.55) | 32 (20.78) | |
IV, n (%) | 521 (1.92) | 31 (20.13) | |
Ward (n = 27,235) | < 0.001 | ||
ICU, n (%) | 2655 (9.8) | 93 (60.4) | |
Other, n (%) | 24,426 (90.2) | 61 (39.6) | |
Coronary heart disease (n = 27,235) | < 0.001 | ||
Chronic coronary syndrome, n (%) | 14,829 (54.8) | 55 (35.7) | |
Acute coronary syndrome, n (%) | 2710 (10.0) | 32 (20.8) | |
Hypertension, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 16,788 (62.0) | 91 (59.1) | 0.460 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 4734 (17.5) | 44 (28.6) | < 0.001 |
Cardiomyopathy, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 1919 (7.1) | 38 (24.7) | < 0.001 |
Heart failure, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 5212 (19.2) | 91 (59.1) | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 930 (3.4) | 44 (28.6) | < 0.001 |
Congenital heart diseases, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 338 (1.2) | 2 (1.3) | 0.955 |
Valvular heart disease, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 3077 (11.4) | 66 (42.9) | < 0.001 |
Infection, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 1595 (5.9) | 49 (31.8) | < 0.001 |
Renal insufficiency, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 1199 (4.4) | 34 (22.1) | < 0.001 |
Obstructive sleep apnea, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 1940 (7.2) | 23 (14.9) | < 0.001 |
Stroke, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 2458 (9.1) | 17 (11.0) | 0.398 |
Respiratory failure, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 115 (0.4) | 11 (7.1) | < 0.001 |
Hyperhomocysteinemia, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 740 (2.7) | 5 (3.2) | 0.887 |
Rheumatic disease, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 117 (0.4) | 1 (0.6) | 0.489 |
Diabetes, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 8307 (30.7) | 53 (34.4) | 0.316 |
Malignancy, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 376 (1.4) | 5 (3.2) | 0.107 |
Arthritis, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 173 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0.987 |
Varicose vein, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 238 (0.9) | 5 (0.6) | 0.101 |
Hepatic insufficiency, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 1739 (6.4) | 28 (18.2) | < 0.001 |
Recent trauma or surgery, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 8 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
Thrombophilia, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
Invasive procedurea (n = 27,235) | |||
Central venous catheter, n (%) | 153 (0.6) | 14 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
IABP, n (%) | 90 (0.3) | 10 (6.5) | < 0.001 |
ECMO, n (%) | 4 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
Pacemaker, n (%) | 944 (3.5) | 9 (5.8) | 0.112 |
Stent implantation, n (%) | 64 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.546 |
Atrial/ventricular septal defect occlusion, n (%) | 30 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.679 |
Left atrial appendage occlusion, n (%) | 13 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.786 |
Defibrillators implantation, n (%) | 61 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.555 |
Right heart catheter, n (%) | 86 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.484 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 691 (2.6) | 12 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
Immobility, n (%) (n = 27,235) | 48 (0.2) | 12 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
Medical treatmenta (n = 27,235) | |||
Steroids, n (%) | 389 (1.4) | 3 (1.9) | 0.847 |
Anticoagulation, n (%) | 22,363 (82.6) | 108 (70.1) | < 0.001 |
Antiplatelet, n (%) | 19,971 (73.7) | 86 (55.8) | < 0.001 |
Statin, n (%) | 20,876 (77.1) | 104 (67.5) | 0.005 |
Padua scoreb (n = 27,235) | < 0.001 | ||
Low risk, n (%) | 26,663 (98.5) | 129 (83.8) | |
High risk, n (%) | 418 (1.5) | 25 (16.2) | |