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Table 2 Patient characteristics in the derivation and validation studies

From: External validation and update of the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism bleeding risk score for predicting bleeding in acutely ill hospitalized medical patients: a retrospective single-center cohort study in Japan

Category/Variable

Derivation cohort

Validation cohort

N (%) or median [IQR]

Decousus et al. [3]

Hostler et al. [8]

Rosenberg et al. [7]

Zhang et al. [10]

Villiger et al. [9]

Present study

Total N

10,866

1,668

12,082

5,076

1,155

3,876

Countries

12 countries a

USA

USA

China

Switzerland

Japan

Duration of hospitalization, days

7 [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]

ND

6 [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

11 [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]

6.0 [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

14 [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]

ICU/CCU admission

923 (8.5)

374 (22.4)

ND (12.5)

340 (6.7)

0 (0)

656 (16.9)

Demography

      

Age < 40

1,419 (13.1)

234 (14.0)

ND

401 (7.9)

140 (12.1)

301 (7.8)

40–84

8,269 (76.1)

1,144 (68.6)

ND

4,362 (85.9)

902 (78.1)

2,577 (66.5)

≥ 85

1,178 (10.8)

289 (17.3)

ND (11)

313 (6.2)

113 (9.8)

998 (25.7)

Men

5,367 (49.4)

969 (58.1)

ND

2,946 (58.0)

653 (56.5)

2,076 (53.6)

Medical conditions

      

Active gastroduodenal ulcer

236 (2.2)

34 (2.0)

ND (0.9)

52 (1.0)

22 (1.9)

3 (0.1)

Bleeding 3 months before admission

231 (2.2)

54 (3.2)

ND (0.5)

121 (2.4)

29 (2.5)

32 (0.8)

Platelet count < 50 × 109

179 (1.7)

45 (2.7)

ND

101 (2.0)

21 (1.8)

72 (1.9)

Hepatic failure (INR > 1.5)

219 (2.0)

74 (5.7)

ND (9.2)

115 (2.3)

10 (0.9)

126 (3.3)

GFR < 30 mL/min/m2

1,084 (11.0)

218 (13.6)

ND (20.3)

234 (4.6)

101 (8.7)

611 (15.8)

GFR 30–59 mL/min/m2

2,520 (25.7)

354 (22.1)

ND

590 (11.6)

298 (25.8)

1,125 (29.0)

GFR ≥ 60 mL/min/m2

6,208 (63.3)

1,031 (64.3)

ND

4,252 (83.8)

756 (65.5)

2031 (54.0)

Rheumatic diseases

740 (6.8)

26 (1.6)

ND (15.3)

277 (5.5)

47 (4.1)

71 (1.8)

Current cancer

1,166 (10.7)

361 (21.6)

ND (12.5)

1,196 (23.6)

223 (19.3)

155 (4.0)

Central venous catheter use

820 (7.5)

294 (17.8)

ND (13.8)

319 (6.3)

72 (6.2)

565 (14.6)

DVT prophylaxis

      

Any interventions

5,686 (52.3)

ND

ND

ND

766 (66.3)

750 (19.3)

Pharmacological intervention alone

5,231 (48.1)

1,235 (74.0)

9,922 (82.1)

432 (8.5) g

745 (64.5) d

211 (5.4)

Nonpharmacological intervention alone

980 (9.0)

652 (39.1) d

ND

ND

62 (5.4) d

309 (8.0)

Bleeding events

      

Any bleeding

230 (2.1) b

36 (2.2) c

314 (2.6) e

127(2.5) f

23 (2.0) h

58 (1.5)

Major bleeding

83 (0.8)

23 (1.4) c

232 (1.9) e

38 (0.7) f

8 (0.7) h

49 (1.3)

Nonmajor but clinically relevant bleeding

147 (1.4)

13 (0.8) c

82 (0.7) e

89 (1.8) f

15 (1.3) h

9 (0.2)

  1. a. Australia, Brazil, Canada, Columbia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela
  2. b. 3.2% using the Kaplan–Meier method
  3. c. The number of events and rates of any bleeding, major bleeding, and nonmajor but clinically relevant bleeding in the original derivation cohort were 2.7%, 1.9%, and 0.8%, respectively
  4. d. Nonpharmacologic prophylaxis may have been used in conjunction with pharmacological prophylaxis
  5. e. The rates of any bleeding, major bleeding, and nonmajor but clinically relevant bleeding in the original derivation cohort were 2.6%, 1.8%, and 1.6%, respectively
  6. f. The rates of any bleeding, major bleeding, and nonmajor but clinically relevant bleeding in the original derivation cohort were determined to be 2.6%, 1%, and 2%, respectively, using the Kaplan–Meier curve
  7. g. Nonpharmacological prophylaxis may have been used in conjunction with pharmacological prophylaxis
  8. h. Bleeding event within 14 days of admission
  9. CCU, coronary care unit; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit; IMPROVE, International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; ND, no data; RAM, risk assessment model; VTE, venous thromboembolism
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Thrombosis Journal

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